The Marxist historiography school has the vision of "non slavery" and "slavery" in studying the ancient Chinese history. As one of the pioneers of Marxist historiography in the study of ancient Chinese history, different from Guo Moruo's definition of China's ancient times as a "slavery society" from the perspective of "slavery theory", Ji Wenfu went from "long-term feudalism" to "the precocity of ancient Chinese society", "the early formation of the country" and "the feudal age of the primitive country", denied the basis of the "slavery theory" in ancient China. It is based on his profound accomplishment and the theory of "non slavery" in China in the mainstream academic circles of the Soviet Union during his study in Moscow Sun Yat-sen University, and based on the discussion of the definition of "slavery", the differentiation between the existence of slaves and the definition of slavery and slave society, the investigation of identity of workers in the Shang Dynasty and Western Zhou Dynasty, and the consideration of the important position of clan system in the evolution of ancient Chinese society. In addition to the expansion of the academic team, the academic debate based on different understandings of historical materialism and the exploration of research diversity are also indispensable to the academic reconstruction of Chinese Marxist historiography. Slavery society is not the only way for Marxist historiography to explore ancient Chinese civilization. No matter the theory of "slavery", "non slavery" or the formation of early state, it must be based on solid theoretical discussion and material support. We should learn from each other's strengths and pay attention to the research results of the other party.