Due to the lack of research leadership and research capacity, the researchers in humanities and social sciences often face various research ethical risks. The existing researches mainly focus on two kinds of risks, that is, empirical research risks and results presentation risks, and ignore the risks of problems selecting as master switch and the risks of scientific research design. By literature meta-analysis, this study divides the ethic risk into problem risk, design risk, empirical research risk and result disclosure risk with a perspective of process. It is attributed to lack of awareness of risk prevention and control, driving by academic interests, lack of risk prevention and control skills, and lack of overall prevention and control concepts based on the internal relationship of consciousness and behavior as well as part and whole. And then, a series of risk prevention and control countermeasures are proposed.