The thesis analyzes the present state of the occupation population distribution in provinces city, region and different regions by using the indices of the occupation population density and region quotient. The occupation population distribution differs greatly not only between provinces city, region but also in the regions of the East, Middle, West China and the South, North China. There are also differences in each province city, region and region, the traditional and contemporary characters of Chinese occupational composition coexist today. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis of the factors which influence the occupation population distribution, the author thinks the differences are caused by natural conditions and social economy development.