Balancing economic and social development between urban and rural areas is a significant theory innovation that is put forward by the Central Committee of Chinese Communist Party on the basis of correct judgment on the new trends, new contradictions, new opportunities of the present social and economic development, and abiding to its development principles. Taking into consideration of the practice in socialeconomic development, the author probes into and analyzes the present role education plays in the process of balanced development between urban and rural areas.