With the case study in Wanzhou in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the author analyzes the rural surplus labour status quo, characteristics and constraints in Wanzhou district The results indicate that regional economic backwardness, bad natural conditions, and industry emptiness are the main reasons of a large number of the rural labour force transfer However, a large number of young labour movement leds to lack of labour force in countryside, and inevitably appears other negative effects As the agriculture industry structure adjustment, the acceleration of urbanization, the new countryside development and agricultural industrialization, labor migration in rural areas continues to new changes, and the way of transfer presents diverse characteristics