Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier analysis model is adopted in this paper to measure the technical efficiency changes of major container ports in China and explore the effect of input factors mainly including port facilities, berth, manpower, etc, and exogenous factors such as ownership structure, operating scale, talent proportion and local foreign trade development, etc, on relative technical efficiency of container port. The results show that: Equipment investment has a greater positive influence on technical efficiency than berth, manpower and other input factors; ownership structure, operating scale, foreign trade dependence and other exogenous factors have positive influence on technical efficiency, for instance, the average technical efficiency of state-owned container terminals is significantly less than those of joint-venture or foreign-invested enterprises; and high-quality talents haven’t played an active role in promoting technical efficiency.