Ecological welfare is a new type of social welfare which is provided by government to residents for ensuring their enjoyment of eco-interest, and meeting their fundamental eco-demand. The same with other social welfare, ecological welfare is benefited by all residents, and dominated by the government; the difference with other social welfare is in that it is integrity and non-exclusive. With the economic growing and the times going forward, ecological welfare is the objective requirement of the development of ecological civilization, and will gradually become its mature symbol. Constructing ecological welfare system appears imminent and significant. During the process of the constructing, we should let the government play the leading role for all residents in meeting their increasing basic eco-demand.