The protection object of environmental protection law is not the environment itself, but the human environmental interests. Environmental interests are man’s non-material public interests coming from environment, including living environment interests and ecological environment interests (referred to as the ecological interests). Environmental interests are the foundation of the legitimacy of environmental law, and it is the power to promote environment law’s development. All the environmental law theory innovation and system construction can not be divorced from the environmental interests. Otherwise it will cause environmental protection’s generalization and virtualization.