China is in the period of social transformation and economic system transformation. The vulnerable groups protection has become an increasingly strong demand. How to protect social vulnerable groups has become the current hot issues. The protection of social vulnerable groups is the basic requirement of realizing social fairness and substantive justice of the law. From the perspective of market order regulation and macro regulation in the economic law, the article takes the relativity of social vulnerable groups as the starting point, adheres to the concept of social priority, and pursues substantive justice and focus on construction of development protection system of the vulnerable groups.