Through analyzing the concept of income quality, according to 1 420 survey data of households from four provinces, the paper uses two-stage confirmatory factor analysis to research income quality systems by structural equation model, and explores the rationality of income quality systems and relationships between income quality and its dimensions. The results show that path coefficients between income quality and its dimensions are significant, which infers that income quality surely consists of income adequacy, structure, stability, cost and knowledge. Income adequacy has the most important impact on income quality and score is 0.781. The impact of income stability, structure, cost and knowledge are decreasing in turn and scores are 0.541, 0.472, 0.288 and 0.259, respectively. Among the dimensions, income cost has a negative impact and the rest are positive. Therefore, besides focusing on income quantity, other income quality dimensions need to be considered.