Following the situational and hierarchical characteristics of public service,a hierarchical concept of basic public service quality can be refined:the context of new public management attaches importance to microscopic quality of individual satisfaction and rational choice; the context of new public service emphasizes the macroscopic quality of public interest and value criteria.Statistics of a large-scale national survey show that the macroscopic quality of basic public education can improve its microscopic quality,reflected in the fact that the value orientation and public interest of an embedded community or village can promote individual satisfaction of basic public education,while the microscopic quality of basic public service can push for the change of contents of basic public education demand,which can be seen from the fact that an individual's evaluation of the different contents of public education can lead to the demand of different types of public education on the level of village or community."Public interest",a kind of value rationality,is more aligned with the administrative ethics and policy expectation than customer satisfaction,which is instrumental rationality.