The rural left-behind elderly are special groups which need special attention. It is an important guarantee to effectively grasp the psychological needs of the left-behind elderly in rural areas to improve the quality of old-age care for them. In this paper, 915 rural left-behind elderly completed a questionnaire about their psychological needs for living, happiness, respect and achievement. Based on the revealing of their psychological needs characteristics, the psychological support system construciton to meet their needs was discussed.