Since the birth of scientific socialism, Marx and Engels have conducted sufficient argentation around the issue of productive forces by using historical materialism and surplus value theory, and pointed out that highly developed productive forces are the important basis and characteristics of scientific socialism.The establishment of socialism in Russia more than 100 years ago transformed scientific socialism from a theory into a reality, setting a precedent for building socialism in a country with relatively backward economy and culture.Therefore, focusing on the core issue of developing productive forces, the eastern Soviet countries explored various aspects on the road of socialist modernization and made certain achievements, but as a result of the theory and practice of the severe deviation eventually led to the failure, but for later construction of socialist modernization with intent countries to provide the experiences and lessons can be drawn lessons from.China, as another country that has established a socialist system, has, in light of its actual development, explored and practiced revolution, construction and reform, blazed a path of socialist development with Chinese characteristics and achieved great success in building socialism.In the future, the realization of China's goal of becoming a modern socialist country will not only establish scientific socialism on the basis of developed productive forces for the first time, but also become an important milestone in the history of the world socialist movement.