The Qing Dynasty inherited and developed the traditional Chinese unified multi-ethnic state. The development and improvement of the Changping granary, social granary and the public granary enabled the Qing Dynasty to establish a social governance mechanism integrating warehousing and famine policy in each province, and in the disaster relief practice, the social governance capacity and level of the frontier ethnic areas were enhanced. Food reserves and disaster relief are related to national security and border social stability. Overall administrative capacity and social governance of national governance in the Qing Dynasty to a large extent met the needs of grassroots social governance in Yunnan-Guizhou region, and the public granary as a public governance system of multi-collaborative participation, its mainland development strengthened the Qing government's absorption of natural resources and reconstruction of social governance pattern in the southwest border.As the granary set up by the Qing government in various places in response to disasters and famine years, the public granary is essentially a kind of storage type and grain storage system for famine relief and poverty relief with the participation of civil society forces and the nature of independent management. The Qing government realized the deep intervention in the governance of the southwest frontier to a great extent through the construction and relief of the public granary.In the Qing Dynasty, public granaries inYunnan-Guizhou region were mostly set up in cities and towns, and some were built in ethnic minority villages. The granary was mainly donated by local officials, gentry and the public voluntarily, and provided protection for victims of disasters through gratuitous relief in famine years. The operation and management of public granaries in the Yunnan-Guizhou region and the adjustment and integration of disaster relief functions were important aspects of state governance and grassroots governance in the process of inlandization of the southwest frontier region, providing a path dependence for the Qing government to strengthen social governance of the southwest frontier. In the Qing Dynasty, in the process of transition of Yunnan-Guizhou region from the border of China to the frontier of ethnic groups, the mainstream of inlandization became the main driving force for the coordinated development of state governance and social governance in the southwestern frontier region. The construction of public granaries, as an important way for the Qing Dynasty to strengthen the national identity of the lower-level society in the southwestern frontier ethnic areas, is a "metaphor" of "the presence of the state". From the perspective of frontier view and frontier governance, this paper analyzes the construction of the public granary system in the Yunnan-Guizhou region in the Qing Dynasty and its role in food security and famine preparedness and disaster relief capability construction in the southwestern frontier region, to further explore the rich connotation of state governance, frontier governance and grassroots society governance system in the Qing Dynasty. The construction of public granaries in Yunnan-Guizhou area is the embodiment and practice of the traditional thinking of emphasizing agriculture and grain, and it is an important strategy for the Qing Dynasty to strengthen the governance of the southwest frontier. With the standardization and systematization of the ruling order of the Qing government in the southwest frontier area, the construction of public granaries improved the collaborative governance ability of grassroots society in Yunnan-Guizhou area in the process of famine relief and inlandization of the southwest frontier.