Exploring the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western war traditions and the concepts of war from multiple factors such as human nature, living environment, social politics, economic resources and religious beliefs, it can be found that based on human nature, that is, driven by male hormones, ancient Chinese myths and ancient Greek war myths both praise the beauty of life, courage and strength. From the perspective of the living environment of man, the Chinese ancestors who multiplied and developed from the Yellow River Basin, have been content with farming life since ancient times, seeking stability and security without fighting, creating a military tradition based on defensiveness, while the vastness of the grasslands, the sinister and ruthless of the forests, and the vastness of the ocean have created the law of the jungle advocated by many European nations, giving them a strong desire to expand outward. In terms of politics, Chinese ancestors assimilated the surrounding ethnic minorities with the precocious political system and advanced culture of the Han nationality in the war of national integration, instead of actively launching the war of invading foreign nationalities, while the political territory of Europe has changed dramatically. Its more than 3000 years of war history is not only a history of the law of the jungle and the struggle for hegemony, but also a history of cultural integration and promotion of civilization development. From the perspective of religious belief, China has been a unified society under the autocratic rule of feudal emperors in all dynasties, with the separation of politics and religion, and religion cannot intervene in politics. Therefore, there has been no large-scale religious war in Chinese history, while the religious forces in Europe are very strong, and they can even launch war through the national power, the Nine Crusades launched by the Roman Catholic Church which lasted for two hundred years highlighted the great influence of religion on European politics. In the view of war philosophy, the Confucian view of war represented by Confucius and Mencius in China takes a cautious attitude towards war, pays attention to war morality and ethics, considers that there should be a right reason for waging a war which also must follow certain rules, and takes "subduing the enemy without war" as the highest state of war. The Western war thought is relatively complex. The early Christian war thought tends to be "cautious about war". The bellicose thought gradually rises in the late Middle Ages. The idea of solving national disputes by war prevailed in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was not until the second half of the 20th century that the anti-war thought gradually gained a market. The differences between Chinese and Western war views are reflected in two different development paths of advocating virtue and force in war aesthetics, and have a profound impact on the creation of Chinese and Western war literature. Putting morality first, emphasizing faith and righteousness, and paying attention to human ethics have created the aesthetic characteristics of advocating moral heroes in Chinese war literature, meanwhile, the martial spirit which is not constrained by ethics and morality has continuously strengthened the irrationality of Western war literature until the outbreak of World Wars I and II which caused great disasters for mankind. After the wars, the West began to reflect on the war beyond the utilitarian level, setting off a creative upsurge of humanitarian anti-war literature.