The Party Central Committee and the State Council have been deeply involved in the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education for a long time, and have continuously strengthened the talent support for modernization. Cities are "depressions" where talents gather and "highlands" where talents are used. The study of urban talent strategy is conducive to a glimpse of the basic situation of the implementation of the national talent strategy. At the same time, talents are the value source of urban creativity and an important symbol of urban attraction. Party committees and governments across the country usually attach great importance to the formulation and implementation of talent strategies in their own regions, and many cities have achieved competitive advantages in talent competition. It has become an important mission of academic research to explore the internal mechanism of urban talent attraction and scientifically answer why each city has talent attraction. However, the current academic research on the internal mechanism of talent attraction in China’s cities is not deep enough, and there is still a lack of induction and summary of the successful experience of urban talent strategy. In order to explore the basic mode of optimizing urban talent ecology to enhance talent attraction, fsQCA (fuzzy sets QCA) is used to explore and study 32 cities in China from the perspective of configuration about the relationship between talent ecology and talent attraction, and explore the path selection scheme to enhance the city’s talent attraction. The research finds that: (1) A single element of talent ecology does not constitute a necessary condition for a high city’s talent attraction, but optimizing the science and technology innovation ecology has a more general effect on improving the city’s talent attraction. (2) There are four configuration paths for different talent ecological environments to produce high urban talent attraction, namely, the social and cultural driven type under the economic leadership, the technology innovation-life-nature driven type under the economic leadership, the life-driven type under the economic leadership, and the technology-driven type. Through a brief review of talent policies and relevant factor endowments in each city, it is found that the practice of talent ecological construction in each city is highly consistent with the four configuration paths, that is, a mutually corroborating relationship has been formed. In addition, there are also two types of talent ecological configurations in cities that are not highly attractive to talents. One is that all elements of the urban talent ecology are in a non high level. The other is that under a good natural ecological environment, cities do not attach importance to economic development, scientific and technological innovation, ignore the living environment and social and cultural needs of talents, and cannot improve the attractiveness of cities to talents. In general, the induction and summary of urban talent ecological configuration path show that there are many common laws to follow in the realization of urban talent attraction, which has important implications for Chinese cities to precisely optimize talent ecology based on their own resource endowments to enhance the attractiveness to talents.