New quality productivity, as envisioned by General Secretary Xi Jinping in light of China's development stage, development environment, changing developmental conditions, and the backdrop of great power competition, represents a fundamental, comprehensive, and long-term strategic assessment. As we enter a new phase marked by the rapid application of next-generation information technology and the accelerated transformation of industries through advanced manufacturing technologies, the formation of new quality productivity becomes not only an imperative for driving high-quality development and shaping a new development paradigm but also a crucial driving force in building a modernized economic system. It holds the key to China's strategic advantage in future development and international competition. The essence of new quality productivity involves transforming the entire production paradigm from traditional productivity to new quality productivity, with a focus on leading the transformation of the international economic system, reshaping the modern industrial system, and enhancing the core competitiveness of enterprises. This paper draws theoretical support from Marxist political economy, Xi Jinping's economic thought, and Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization. It outlines a three-dimensional theoretical framework for the construction of new quality productivity: first, at the micro-level, it emphasizes the creation of world-class enterprises; second, at the meso-level, it highlights the enhancement of international competitive advantages; third, at the macro-level, it underscores the construction of a human destiny community. The paper integrates the theoretical framework and practical strategies for the development of new quality productivity into China's current development strategy. It presents a tripartite reform agenda, emphasizing the transformation of enterprise development models, the restructuring of modern industrial landscape, and the establishment of a new global governance framework as the key drivers for new quality productivity formation. These three pathways complement and reinforce each other, working in synergy to inject vigor into the formation of new quality productivity, ensuring that productivity development aligns more effectively with China's strategic focus on achieving high-quality development.