The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasizes that "people’s health is a key indicator of a prosperous nation and a strong country. We must give strategic priority to ensuring the people’s health and improve policies on promoting public health," to "advance the Healthy China Initiative." Obviously, an important aspect of implementing the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is to actively respond to the aging population strategy and promote the realization of basic elderly care services for all elderly people. At the same time, the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China outlined a new blueprint for the development of digital China, proposing to accelerate the development of the digital economy and promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy. However, due to the lack of digital literacy and sufficient expression of daily life practices, the elderly population is facing the problem of the "digital divide", which has also become an obstacle to the modernization of social governance transformation and has attracted widespread attention. Therefore, the article starts from the theoretical direction and practical problems of the exclusion of the elderly in the digital society, analyzes the root causes of social exclusion in the real life experience and practice of the elderly, and explores possible paths and future directions for the modernization transformation of social governance. The article takes elderly people aged 65 and above as the survey subjects, and conducts on-site investigations on the households and communities of elderly people living in four communities in Yinchuan City and Shizuishan City in Ningxia. The survey found that the digital society driven by the transformation of digital technology has reshaped people’s values, changed their attitudes and behavioral patterns, and rebuilt people’s social connections. This is more evident in the elderly population. In the process of integrating into the digital society, this group has been socially excluded due to the limitations of the "digital divide". To promote the modernization and transformation of social governance, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the social environment in which the elderly live, that is, the reality of comprehensive digitization, digital platformization and intelligentialize as well as social individualization. Analyze the generation mechanism of "composite rejection" in the elderly population driven by structural rejection, through the joint action of subject construction and strategy selection. Based on this, we should start from the multidimensional integration perspective of society, community, and individuals, always uphold the people-centered value, improve the institutional mechanism construction of the digital society and digital China, improve the coordination mechanism among various government departments, strengthen community organization construction, stimulate silver vitality, and rebuild the subjectivity of the elderly to eliminate social exclusion and meet the people’s needs for a better life.