The history of human civilization is essentially a history of the development of productive forces and the relationship between humans and nature. The development of industrial civilization to the stage of ecological civilization is essentially a process in which new quality productive forces with ecological elements replace traditional backward productive forces. New quality productivity with ecological elements injects new momentum and points out new directions for Chinese path to modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping stands at the forefront of the times, clearly stating that new quality productivity is born from revolutionary technological breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep industrial transformation and upgrading, and making the scientific assertion that “new quality productivity itself is green productivity”. Technological innovation stimulates the ecological elements of traditional productivity, leads the construction of new quality ecological relationships, forms green productivity, solves the ecological dilemma of traditional productivity development, promotes the formation of new quality states and changes in productivity, and ultimately forms new quality productivity. The ecological elements of new quality productivity include the ecological intelligence of workers, the green intelligence of labor materials, and the sustainable efficiency of labor objects. The systematic coupling and functional play of the three demonstrate the essential requirements of green development. From its internal logic, the ecological wisdom of workers reshapes natural cognition and stimulates the main vitality of ecological elements in new quality productivity; The green, intelligent, innovative and natural transformation power of labor materials is the driving force carrier of ecological elements of new quality productivity; The sustained efficiency of labor objects regulates the carrying capacity of resources and environment, and consolidates the material foundation of ecological elements of new quality productivity. In the process of Chinese path to modernization of further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting the harmonious coexistence of man and nature, it is necessary to give full play to the main production function of workers with ecological intelligence, focus on giving play to the innovative driving function of labor materials with green intelligence, give full play to the ecological benefit function of labor objects with sustainable efficiency, vigorously develop new quality productivity, and promote the overall green transformation of economic and social development.