The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized that the current and upcoming period is a critical phase for comprehensively advancing the great endeavor of building a strong nation and achieving national rejuvenation through Chinese-style modernization. Accurately understanding the practical foundation and evolving trends of Chinese-style modernization is of significant and urgent theoretical and practical importance for its advancement. Therefore, based on the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, an evaluation index system for Chinese-style modernization has been constructed from five dimensions: population modernization, ecological civilization modernization, economic modernization, cultural modernization, and modernization of opening-up. By comprehensively applying the entropy weight TOPSIS method, the Dugam Gini coefficient, and the Kernel density estimation, we have measured and analyzed the level of modernization and regional characteristics at the provincial level in China from 2013 to 2022, and explored the regional heterogeneity and evolution trends.The study finds that the level of modernization in China showed a stable growth trend from 2013 to 2022, but the overall level of modernization still has considerable room for improvement. From a detailed perspective, significant achievements have been made in the fields of population modernization, ecological civilization modernization, and economic modernization, highlighting positive results in optimizing population structure, protecting the ecological environment, and developing the economy. In contrast, the progress in cultural modernization and modernization of opening-up has been relatively slower, becoming weak links that need to be strengthened in the current modernization process.Moreover, the spatial pattern significantly reflects regional disparities, with a distinct east high, west low characteristic. This regional difference not only exacerbates the polarization of development levels but also poses more urgent requirements for coordinated development nationwide. In the future, precise policies need to be implemented to promote balanced development and advance the comprehensive construction of a socialist modernized country.