Doctoral education is the highest level of education in the Chinese educational system.Doctoral talents are the backbone of promoting social innovation and development and an important embodiment of the country's core competitiveness. The doctoral dissertation is the most important learning and academic research achievement of doctoral candidates.It is the most essential basis for the comprehensive evaluation and measurement of doctoral candidates' learning and research ability.Overall, it is necessary to evaluate doctoral dissertations in a scientific and reasonable way so as to strengthen doctoral education, and promote doctoral talents to play a leading role in China's innovation and development.The evaluation of doctoral dissertations is both subjective and objective. Different subjects can obtain distinct evaluation criteria according to various perspectives. These criteria have their own special bases and are implemented within a certain range. Meanwhile, these criteria are in accordance with the intrinsic value requirements of doctoral dissertations and meet their appraisal standards. In fact, basic principles are the rules and standards through which the evaluation of doctoral dissertations is carried out so as to standardize the evaluation process.Value orientation of dissertations determines the specific configuration of each evaluation index and dominates the subjective value choice of degree applicants.Controlling the value dimension of doctoral dissertation evaluation contributes to restricting the index system of doctoral education evaluation from the operational level and guiding training units to curb the decline of training quality of doctoral talents. With the development of science and technology, the theory and technology of degree and postgraduate education evaluation have also made new progress. The original evaluation system of doctoral dissertations in China lags behind the development of the current era, and it is urgent to make corresponding adjustments. Nowadays, the evaluation of doctoral dissertations should follow the principles of combination of goal and problem orientation, connection of process, outcome and value-added evaluation, association of classified and comprehensive evaluation. The core value of the evaluation should focus on three levels and nine aspects. The three levels are innovation in academic knowledge, acquisition of academic skills, development of academic accomplishments. The nine aspects include the systematic basic knowledge, in-depth professional knowledge, innovative knowledge, ability to discover problems, scientific research ability, independent writing ability, academic awareness, academic ethics and academic practice.