Accelerating agricultural and rural modernization to better promote the construction of Chinese modernization lies in strengthening the research on the ideological traits of Chinese characteristics. Chinese agricultural and rural modernization takes the modernization of agriculture with high quality and high efficiency as the support point, the modernization of rural areas with livable and workable countryside as the focus point, the modernization of farmers with rich and prosperous farmers as the starting point, and the integration of urban and rural areas as the link between the modernization of agriculture, modernization of rural areas, and modernization of farmers. It is characterized by the modernization of small farmers on a huge scale, the modernization of common prosperity for all farmers, the modernization of new quality productivity enabling the overall upgrading of agriculture, the overall progress of rural areas and the overall development of farmers, and the modernization of the harmonious coexistence of people-industry-ecology, and the modernization of peace, development, cooperation and win-win situation. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee stressed that agricultural and rural modernization has a major bearing on Chinese modernization as a whole and the outcomes it delivers.The period of the 15th Five-Year Plan is at a new historical starting point for the integrated development of urban and rural areas, the new rural collective economy should achieve an important transformation in terms of element interoperability, spatial reshaping and pattern innovation. By organizing small farmers to connect with big production, big market and big country, it builds modern agriculture, guides efficient market and creates effective government, forming an outer-cycle mechanism to resolve structural contradictions; at the same time, it is embedded in the economic symbiosis mechanism and collective co-governance mode to guide the modernization of farmers, forming an inner-cycle mechanism centred on fostering the main strength of farmers. The internal and external circular mechanism constructed by the new rural collective economy empowered by the integrated development of urban and rural areas is a guarantee for the promotion of Chinese agricultural and rural modernization. Giving full play to the advantages of the new rural collective economy in the process of integrated urban-rural development is a feasible way to promote Chinese agricultural and rural modernization. First, we must adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China over the new rural collective economy and strengthen the political guarantee of Chinese agricultural and rural modernization. Second, we should insist on comprehensively deepening the reform of the new rural collective economy to empower the high-quality development of Chinese agricultural and rural modernization. Third, we should adhere to the integration of education, science and technology, and talents to optimize the key driving force of Chinese agricultural and rural modernization. Fourth, it is necessary to adhere to the green orientation of the new rural collective economy and develop the new quality productivity of Chinese agricultural and rural modernization.