Abstract:Faced with the increasingly complex situation of global economy, China’s pattern of economic globalization needs a drastic change in direction from focusing on away market to home market. The new pattern of economic globalization performs greater connectivity of domestic and foreign markets based on expanding domestic demand, and drives domestic enterprises to participate in the dual cycle of domestic and foreign markets with the development and growth of the domestic market. The key to China’s economic globalization in home market is to use domestic demand as a strategic basis, increase the input of advanced production factors, and transform the global value chain into a global innovation chain that can promote industrial upgrading. This need coordinated work which includes the theory of dynamic comparative advantage as guidance, the domestic value chain as support, the modern industrial clusters as carriers, the Internet Plus digital economy as opportunities, and the Belt and Road Initiative as links. Moreover, the most important basis and precondition is to make the domestic market unified, open, competitive and orderly as soon as possible. Its specific policy directions are resolutely protecting the vitality of market entities, building economic platforms to expand domestic demand and paying more attention to opening up internally.

Abstract:With the continuous escalation of US-Sino trade frictions and the on-going COVID-19 pandemic, a global economic recession seems inevitable. Faced with a series of risks and uncertainties, such as the shrinking of developed markets, the insufficient size of emerging markets, trade protectionism, etc., it is imperative to adopt a new development strategy emphasizing the dominant role of internal circulation and the complementarity of both the internal and external circulations to sustain China’s long term economic development in its long term effort of the great national rejuvenation. Based on China’s 40-years’ development achievements after the economic reforms and opening-up, this article discusses the current domestic and global economic situations, and analyzes why China should take the domestic economic cycle as the mainstay and exploit the complementarity of both the internal and external circulations before making some policy recommendations.

Abstract:The construction of a new development pattern with domestic large circulation as the main body and domestic-international double circulations mutually promoting each other is based on the realistic logic of responding to the counter-globalization trend, the COVID-19 epidemic and the transformation of economic development. To construct a new development pattern of "dual circulation", it is necessary to clarify its core meaning, open up the two ports of supply and demand, couple the three chains of industrial chain, supply chain and innovation chain, recycle the four elements of labor, land, capital and technology, as well as practice the five internal skills of new concepts, new technologies, new economies, new infrastructure and new mechanisms. It’s of great era value to construct a new development pattern of "dual circulation" under the new historical conditions, which will provide new ideas for solving the new dilemma of China’s economic development, point out a new direction for the sustained development of socialist economy with Chinese characteristics, as well as inject new impetus into the world’s new round of economic recovery.

Abstract:The COVID-19 epidemic outbreak, combined with the economic and trade disputes initiated by the US government, have posed great challenges to China’s economic development. The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee has proposed the strategic choice to accelerate the establishment of a "dual circulation" development pattern in which domestic economic cycle plays a leading role while international economic cycle remains its extension and supplement. However, at present, China is faced with such problems as high system cost, high financing cost, overcapacity of medium and low-end manufacturing industry, low disposable income of residents and unreasonable proportion of expenditure, which restricts the shaping of the "dual circulation" development pattern. Therefore, based on governance theory, focusing on the layout of the 14th Five-Year Plan, to build a "dual circulation" development pattern, we must activate the vitality of civil society, innovate the system of government governance, economic governance and social governance, lay a social and economic foundation in the aspects of system, social trust, economic structure, consumption structure and educational equity, through consumption driven by domestic circulation, investment driven by high-end industry and optimization of resource allocation to create a development environment full of trust, confidence and expectation.

Abstract:Based on 2574 county data, this paper uses spatial econometric analysis to distinguish the spatial distribution characteristics of financial exclusion. The results show that the geographical distribution of financial exclusion has significant positive spatial correlation, it not only has a significant negative impact on the economic development of one county, but also has a significant negative spillover effect on the other counties. The spatial distribution of financial exclusion in the eastern coastal areas is dominated by low-low agglomeration and low-high agglomeration, while the central and western regions are dominated by low-high agglomeration. Among them, the central region has formed a spatial distribution pattern that surrounds the multi economic center with the high financial exclusion zone, while the western region shows a large area of high financial exclusion zone surrounding the single economic center. The intervention of local governments in developed regions has restricted the spatial spillover effect of financial agglomeration and further aggravated the financial exclusion in rural areas. This study not only provides intuitionistic evidence for the accurate implementation of inclusive financial strategy, but also takes typical areas as samples, deeply analyzes the regional distribution characteristics of financial exclusion and its impact on regional economy, and provides policy reference for formulating more targeted countermeasures.

Abstract:Based on the panel data of 37 counties in Chongqing from 2000 to 2016, this paper uses the sequential DEA method to measure the change of total factor productivity in Chongqing. Based on this, this paper discusses the time evolution of Chongqing’s agricultural total factor productivity growth and examines the impact of urbanization and industrialization on the growth of agricultural total factor productivity systematically from both theoretical and empirical level. Firstly, the results suggest that the total factor productivity of Chongqing has increased from 2000 to 2016. After 2007, the growth of agricultural total factor productivity in Chongqing is more obvious, and different regions in Chongqing show obvious spatial imbalance. Secondly, the empirical results of the dynamic panel model show that urbanization has a significant positive impact on agricultural total factor productivity growth, and so does industrialization. Finally, the research also finds out that infrastructure, education and financial development all have a significant positive impact on agricultural total factor productivity growth while industrial structure has a significant negative impact on it.

Abstract:The traditional production function ignores the endogeneity of technological progress, so the return on capital according to the marginal output is lower than the actual value. In term of a new method, this paper studies regional difference and convergence of the returns on capital of manufacturing industry in China. The following conclusions are made. First, on the whole, the overall return on capital is 8.79% in the period from 2001 to 2015. Second, returns on capital are significantly different according to the regions, that is, the eastern coastal areas have relatively high rates of return on capital while the central and western regions have relatively low. Third, the analysis of convergence indicates that the growth rate of return on regional capital is negatively correlated with the level value. Finally, TFP has a significant positive impact on the growth of capital return as a major factor while housing price and capital deepening are negative.

Abstract:This paper aims to explore the construct and characteristics of Chinese private-firm entrepreneurs’ ethical leadership by employing the methods of case study and scale developing. The results show: 1) Influenced by Chinese Confucian ethical culture, Chinese private-firm entrepreneurs’ ethical leadership includes virtue cultivation, collectism motivation and social spirit. 2) "Self-discipline and stabilizing others" is the nature of Chinese private-firm entrepreneurs’ ethical leadership, which means that entrepreneurs have their own high-level ethical standards, and also demand their employees to behave like this. 3) Chinese Private-firm Entrepreneurs’ Ethical Leadership Scale developed by this study has good reliability and validity. This study enriches the research of ethical leadership theory and higher-order theory, which could provide suggestions for Chinese private-firm entrepreneurs to improve their leadership skills.

Abstract:A dominant assumption in prior literature posits that inter-organizational trust always positively contributes to the transactions between focal organization and outsiders. However, it is worth noting that inter-organizational trust may produce undesired negative effects on transaction benefits. In this paper, we revisit this assumption and develop a more comprehensive theoretical framework to establish the underlying mechanisms. We first discuss the connotation of inter-organizational trust, analyze the effect of different combinations of calculative and non-calculative components in the impacts of inter-organizational trust on transaction benefits, and logically deduce an inverted U-shaped relationship between inter-organizational trust and transaction benefits. Then, we propose two important situational factors for inter-organizational trust, namely the asymmetry of trust and the uncertainty of environment, and discuss their moderating effects on such an inverted U-shaped relationship. Next, we propose a set of managing tactics under different situational constraints. Finally, we discuss the implications of this study and the direction for future research.

Abstract:In the context of the rapid development of Chinese think tanks, scientific think tank evaluation systems are critical for guiding think tanks to deepen the reform of system and mechanism, improving the internal governance of think tanks, and promoting the improvement of quality and efficiency of think tanks, so as to form a sound think tank ecosystem, and promote the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity with high-quality think tank products. This research makes a survey of current practices and academic research of think tank evaluation at home and abroad, summarizes the practical problems and their causes, and points out their possible impact on the construction of think tanks with Chinese characteristics. The research proposes that China should build a think tank evaluation system with Chinese characteristics under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and based on China’s experience and conditions, which will promote the overall development of China’s think tank system.

Abstract:With the development of the digital copyright times,?the dissemination of works has become more flexible and faster.?Traditional copyright registration has difficulties in practical application due to the disadvantages of high registration cost, different standards and privacy disclosure. The emergence of blockchain technology provides a new way to promote the development of copyright registration.?While blockchain technology is utilized into copyright registration, its decentralization can reduce the cost of registration, its distributed mechanism can unify the standards of registration, and its incredible tamper-resistance can enhance the certification of registration.?Meanwhile, blockchain technology establishes a new copyright trust mechanism based on its own characteristics, which can not only clearly distribute copyright profit, but also promote the development of the copyright market to maximize the inherent value of copyright.?In the integration of blockchain technology and copyright registration, there will be some technical problems difficult to solve. It is impossible to accurately judge the originality of works and to play the publicity of the copyright system. In order to achieve the coordinative development of technology and law, it is essential to create actively copyright registration rules and to set up a unified regulation to prevent the abuse of blockchain technology.

Abstract:Blockchain technology has been closely related to finance since it came into being. As a new technical combination, it is penetrating into different financial scenarios. The development of blockchain has changed the traditional financial operating model, and greatly impacted the financial risk management and the existing legal system. The high degree of anonymity and decentralized trading of financial derivatives in blockchain hinders the collection of information by regulators, makes it difficult to ensure the accuracy and comprehensiveness of information, thus leads to a regulatory gap in some industries, and makes room for crime. Therefore, the criminal law regulation on financial derivatives can maintain the stability of the national currency, guard against financial risks, and prevent induced crime, which is necessary. In blockchain, there are three theories about the attributes of the financial derivatives of blockchain: being currency, being financial instrument and being property. By comparing the legal policies of blockchain financial derivatives in Germany, the United States, Japan and Russia, combined with domestic blockchain financial derivatives trading practice, it is mainly used as financial instruments, so it sounds more reasonable to identify blockchain financial derivatives as financial instruments. Financial derivatives trading in blockchain involves criminal law interests such as the security of financial transactions and financial management and the property security of financial investors. We can prevent the crime of financial derivatives trading in blockchain and promote its healthy development on the track of the rule of law only by taking criminal policies as the guidance, basing on reality and looking forward to the future, taking criminal laws as the basis, persisting in the combination of prevention and control risks and promoting technological development, taking criminal compliance as the assistance, establishing a system and mechanism of punishment and non-punishment, and building a three-dimensional regulation system.

Abstract:Since the first blue book on the rule of law was published in 2004, the evaluation of the rule of law has become a general subject under discussion to both the government and the people in China. And the administrative law enforcement is the key content of it. Up to now, summarizing the practice of administrative law enforcement evaluation, whether it is "government by law evaluation", "local rule of law evaluation", "rule of law index" at the macro level or the performance evaluation of administrative law enforcement at the micro level, there are more or less defects of focusing on qualitative rather than quantitative, process rather than actual effect, and form rather than quality. China has entered a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Under the requirement of "innovating the way of supervision, enhancing the credibility and execution of the government", the existing evaluation of administrative law enforcement cannot objectively evaluate the effectiveness of the government’s administrative law enforcement. Therefore, the evaluation of administrative law enforcement should also keep pace with the times, and use the Big Data of administrative law enforcement cases to evaluate the administrative law enforcement. Taking the Big Data of environmental law enforcement as an example, introducing the "rebound rate of violations" index can not only objectively evaluate the overall quality of environmental law enforcement, but also analyze the deterrent intensity of different environmental law enforcement measures, and more scientifically and objectively judge the quality of environmental law enforcement in different regions. The "rebound rate of violations" index not only uses the quantitative analysis method, but also can evaluate the effect of administrative law enforcement. Including the "rebound rate of violations" index is the development trend of the evaluation of administrative law enforcement in the era of Big Data.

Abstract:The framework of Chinese environmental legal system has been basically formed in the past 40 years. However, the decentralized environmental legislation dominated by departmental interests leads to the fragmentation of environmental resources protection legislation.To explore the way of systematization of environmental law, The author determined pollution control law, natural resources law and recycling law to be the main content of the environmental legislations based on the attributes and characteristics of environmental laws and regulations and emergence and evolution of environmental laws. On this basis, the author reviewed the pattern of environmental legislation system of China and examined and evaluated practical constitution of environmental legislation system of China, in order to identify the structural difficulties in the course of systematization of the environmental legislation system of China. By referring to the legislation modes and systematization trends of environmental laws in overseas countries, the author put forward that systematization of environmental laws is a periodical legislation work,which provides guidance for the direction of the systematization of environmental legislation in China. Specifically speaking, in order to solve the current environmental legislation overlapping, conflict and other uncoordinated problems, in the near future, we shall base on the current pollution control law, natural resources law and recycling law to straighten out and improve relevant environmental laws and regulations; next, we shall formulate general principles for environmental laws in planning for medium-term environmental laws and integrate relevant environmental laws and regulations to the largest extent; the ultimate goal of environmental legislation is to form environmental acts and it is expected to gradually improve environmental legislation system in line with actual needs of the society.

Abstract:Although the confession and punishment system is currently only written in the Code of Criminal Procedure Law, it is a comprehensive system, and its implementation cannot be separated from the support of criminal law. The article focuses on the meaning of "confessing guilty and accepting punishment" in the doctrine of criminal law, clarifying the overlap between confession and punishment and the existing wide-ranging reasons, and exploring the unique value of " confessing guilty and accepting punishment". It is pointed out that in addition to the reduction of the probationary punishment of the prosecuted, the pleading guilty plea also speeds up the circulation of the procedure and improves the efficiency of the judiciary. Therefore, it has the connotation of the system that has not been covered by the confession. At the end of the article, it is proposed: the criminal code should make a principled provision for confession and confession; the criminal law should clearly recognize the confession and punishment of the entity; the criminal law provides discipline support for the standardization and precision of sentencing recommendations.

Abstract:Network terrorism puts the traditional terrorism in the virtual space of the network society, and makes use of the characteristics of the network society’s trans-temporal, trans-regional and information "explosive" communication, to magnify the harmfulness of terrorism infinitely, and become the "cancer" in the development process of human society. At present, in the process of governance of cyber terrorism,there are such problems as ignoring human rights protection in the pursuit of fighting results, relying too much on state power and too little on social power, the utility of artificial intelligence, big data and other scientific and technological tools. Under the theoretical framework of crime governance, we can start from the three dimensions of "security-order" value analysis, "national security-social security" effectiveness analysis and "protection-restriction" strategy, and deeply discuss and solve many problems in the governance of cyber terrorism. In network security requirements shall be in the process of governance of terrorism utility orientation, orientation, social security right standard strategy orientation of three basic orientation, so as to realize the reasonable value orientation, the optimal strategy choice and the best management effect.

Abstract:As an important part of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy is not only a major theoretical and practical achievement of the CPC Central Committee since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, but also the fundamental guarantee for the CPC to undertake its historical mission in the new era. Following the basic thought of the CPC Central Committee, to advance the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy in a coordinated manner, we should insist on the development thought centered on the people, take human needs as the ultimate goal, use scientific thinking methods such as dialectical thinking, systematic thinking, strategic thinking, innovative thinking and bottom line thinking, take coordinated development as the practical requirement, adopt the basic methods of rule of law, standardization and orderliness, and judge from the people-centered standard, cognitive standard and humanistic standard, to ensure the implementation of the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy.

Abstract:The Issue of international security has long been playing a significant role in the research of international relations. There are three major Western theories on international security, namely, realism, liberalism and constructivism. As a key component of the doctrine of the Community of Shared Future for the Mankind, the Theory of Overall National Security, which is mainly characterized by mutual, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable, benefits from the classic Chinese culture and keeps the above Western theories for reference while abandoning their dross, has been receiving worldwide attention. The Theory of Overall National Security provides the international relations in the 21^st century with new visions owing to its foresight and progressiveness. With transcendence over major Western theories on international security, the Theory of Overall National Security should be internalized and put into action, and only in this way can the perpetual peace and security for the entire international community be achieved and maintained.

Abstract:In the era of big data, the internet has become an important tool for the public to participate in anti-corruption campaign. Internet public opinion about corruption cases is becoming more and more important in the work of combating corruption and building a clean government. However, this kind of online opinion is uncertain as it is prone to trigger derivative effect. Effective response to internet public opinion about corruption cases has become an important issue to be solved in combating corruption and building a clean government. The response mechanism of internet public opinion about corruption cases implemented by local governments provides new ways and methods for innovating public opinion monitoring mode, improving the efficiency of research, analysis and disposal, and realizing the active response to internet public opinion about corruption cases. The study concludes that the grid-based governance mechanism of internet public opinion about corruption cases is a set of mechanisms including grid-based monitoring technology platform and grid-based public opinion monitoring, early warning, studying and judging, and guiding and handling. The popularization and application of grid-based governance mechanism need to further change the public opinion response concept, optimize the information technology platform, and improve the corresponding system guarantee.

Abstract:During the Anti-Japanese War, the living standard of the faculty and the students in universities in the rear areas was rapidly declined due to wartime inflation, but they were not the "destitute class" yet, and the key elements that determine the living standard of faculty and students were also changed comparing to the pre-war period. Faculty’s distribution of the living standard before the war was closely related to their ranks, titles, and degrees, while their distribution of the living standard during wartime in the rear areas was constrained by many factors including salary, part-time job, and family burden. Prior to the war, the majority of university students were coming from middle-class families, and the distribution of the living standard on campus was "olive-shaped"; however, during the wartime, the distribution of the living standard in university campuses in the rear areas was poles apart: the rich and the poor students, and the poor students became the majority. During the wartime, the changes in faculty and students’ distribution of the living standard in universities in the rear areas were not only constrained by objective factors but also influenced by related educational policies of the Nanjing National Government.

Abstract:At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, library institutions which were in the eastern part of China were moved to Chongqing to promote the rapid development of Chongqing’s librarianship. However, the bombing of Chongqing by Japan, severe inflation and the rapid increase in the population of Chongqing led to a crisis in the library business of Chongqing. At the same time, the social education function of the library was strengthened in wartime. Because of the goal of jointly opposing the Japanese aggression, all parties at home and abroad have played their respective roles in response to the crisis in the cause of Chongqing’s library, both with the policy or financial support provided by Chongqing’s governments at all levels and the unremitting efforts of the domestic library community, the selfless dedication of the public and the assistance of the international community. Eventually, Chongqing’s librarianship gradually recovered.

Abstract:High-level talents that major universities and local governments competing for in the "double first-class" construction are in short supply. Due to the excessive "symbolization" of high-level talents, high-level talents flow is in disorder. The "symbolization" of high-level talents is the result of a complex production mechanism, which is characterized by the formation of "symbol-capital-symbol" and "symbol–technical rationality-symbol" logical process with "symbol" as the center. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply analyze the disordered production mechanism of high-level talents from a new perspective of "symbolic production", and then reconstruct the meaning of "symbols" of high-level talents, block the logic of "symbolic production" of high-level talents, and promote the return of talent flow from disorder to order.