Abstract:The direct impact of institutional investment and government subsidies on micro-enterprise innovation has always been concerned by academia, but few scholars have explored their overall effect on the innovation level of the entire industry. Based on the dilemma of big but not strong and extensive development of Chinas manufacturing industry, this paper matches the national patent database with the database of Chinas industrial enterprises, and examines the impact of institutional investment and government subsidies on Chinas manufacturing industry innovation from a mesoscopic perspective. First of all, through the fixed-effect model test, this paper finds that institutional investment can significantly promote the number of manufacturing innovation, but there are differences in the innovation paths of high-tech and low-technology manufacturing sectors, and the promotion effect of institutional investment on high-tech manufacturing sector is significantly lower than that of low-technology sectors; Instead of achieving the expected effect, government subsidies have inhibited manufacturing innovation. The test results based on the three-stage least squares method and the propensity score matching method are consistent with the benchmark test results. In order to further analyze the path through which institutional investment affects manufacturing innovation, this paper takes R&D costs and innovation efficiency as intermediary variables. Through the stepwise test, it is shown that institutional investment can lead to an increase in R&D costs and improve manufacturing innovation efficiency, while government subsidies have a negative impact on innovation efficiency. The industrial agglomeration environment is an important factor that affects the operation and management of enterprises. Finally, this paper studies the industrial diversity agglomeration as the external environment of enterprise operation, and considers its regulatory effect when institutional investment and government subsidies play a role. The study finds that the diversity agglomeration inhibits the positive effect of institutional investment and enhances the negative effect of government subsidies. This paper matches and summarizes many micro and meso databases, such as China Industrial Enterprise Database, National Patent Database, Zero2IPO Institutional Investment Database and China Urban Statistical Yearbook, and studies the impact of institutional investment and government subsidies on Chinas manufacturing industry innovation from the industrial level. The paper also considers the possible interaction effects between regional enterprises. The research conclusion of this paper provides guidance for the follow-up research and practice. Based on theoretical and empirical research, combined with the current economic situation in China, this paper puts forward four policy recommendations:We should create a good institutional investment environment, guide the cooperation between institutions and manufacturing enterprises, and promote innovation; Increase support for scientific undertakings, guide the implementation and application of research achievements in universities and research institutions, and promote substantive and high-level innovation; We should formulate more effective fiscal subsidy policies to reduce rent-seeking behavior; Give full consideration to regional resource endowment and market environment, transform diversified agglomeration into market development advantages, and foster coordinated innovation of industrial chain clusters.

Abstract:The rapid development of digital technology is driving the development of the digital economy so that it is injecting vitality into global economic development. The continuous deepening of digital economy process and integration with the real economy have a profound impact on the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. In recent years, China has attached great importance to promoting economic and social development, and also takes the development of sports industry very seriously. How to improve the efficiency and development quality has become an important issue in achieving high-quality development of the sports industry. The widespread application of digital technology has injected new impetus into the development of the sports industry. Digital economy is a new engine for promoting the efficiency improvement and achieving high-quality development of the sports industry. This article comprehensively examines the impact and internal mechanism of the digital economy on the efficiency of the sports industry using panel data from 31 provinces from 2013 to 2021. It further examines the heterogeneity of three dimensions which are the nature of sports industry efficiency and the level of digital economy development. The results show that the development of the digital economy is beneficial for improving the efficiency of the sports industry. It mainly promotes the widespread application of digital technology in various aspects, improves information acquisition ability, realizes efficient division of labor and rational use of factor to promote the efficiency of the sports industry. On the internal mechanism, the digital economy promotes the efficiency improvement of the sports industry by promoting the agglomeration of the sports industry. Based on industry heterogeneity, the digital economy promotes the efficiency improvement of the sports industry by promoting the agglomeration of sports goods manufacturing industry. It is unable to significantly promote the efficiency improvement through the agglomeration of sports service industry. Further research has found that the promotion of the digital economy on the efficiency of the sports industry is mainly reflected in the improvement of scale efficiency based on the heterogeneity of the efficiency of the sports industry. The development of the digital economy is conducive to the integration of digital technology and the sports industry, promoting enterprises to discover and improve existing inefficient production processes, widely applying advanced technology to various production processes, integrating and expanding production scale, and reducing enterprise production costs. Therefore, the promotion effect is more reflected in scale efficiency. The development of the digital economy is conducive to the integration of digital technology and the sports industry so that promotes enterprises to discover and improve existing inefficient production processes. It widely applies advanced technology to various production processes, integrates and expands production scale, and reducing enterprise production costs. Therefore, the promotion effect is more reflected in scale efficiency. Based on the development level of the digital economy, the role of digital economy development in promoting the efficiency improvement of the sports industry is more significant in areas with lower levels of digital economy development. Due to government policies favoring areas with relatively underdeveloped digital economy development, it is beneficial to change the production mode, save transaction costs and promote industrial innovation. While the widespread application of digital technology and the deep integration with the sports industry have produced more significant innovative effects. Therefore, it can significantly promote the development of the sports industry and enhance its efficiency. This paper provides policy implications for improving the efficiency of the sports industry and achieving high-quality development of the sports industry in the context of digital economy development.

Abstract:Under the background that the division of labor within products has become the main international division of labor, the research on the impact of independent innovation and foreign technology spillovers on the rise of the manufacturing value chain is important for promoting China’s industry toward the middle and high end of the global value chain and fostering several world-class advanced manufacturing clusters. As far as the goal is concerned, it has a very realizing and important role. In order to explore the effects of independent innovation and foreign technology spillovers on the ascent of the manufacturing value chain, and to further clarify the role of a country’s technology absorptive capacity in this process, the article first analyzes the effects of independent innovation and foreign technology spillovers on manufacturing at the theoretical level. On this basis, with the help of the 2018 TIVA database, the global value chain status index of China’s manufacturing industry during the 11 years from 2005 to 2015 is calculated, and then the industry level is constructed. The panel data, using fixed-effects model, quantile regression, panel Tobit and other research methods, is employed to empirically test the influence and mechanism of manufacturing independent innovation and foreign technology spillovers on the rise of global value chains. The research results show that independent innovation is the main engine driving the rise of China’s manufacturing global value chain status; while technology spillovers caused by foreign patent applications and technology spillovers caused by foreign investment have hindered the rise of China’s manufacturing global value chain, and are the main factor of low-end lock-in in the manufacturing global value chain of China. However, technology spillovers caused by foreign patent applications and technology spillovers caused by foreign investment can both be digested and absorbed by the manufacturing industry and have a positive impact on the rise of the global value chain of China’s manufacturing industry. Technology spillovers are the key to promoting the rise of its global value chain. However, this key role shows obvious industry heterogeneity, and the estimation results of the indirect effects of foreign capital technology spillovers in some industries are not obvious. This may be because the overall technological level of China’s manufacturing industry is still far behind that of developed countries, and its ability to absorb and digest foreign technology spillovers is not strong. Furthermore, based on the research methods of indirect effect analysis, heterogeneity test and panel instrumental variable method, the article once again clarifies that there is a large technological gap between China and foreign countries, the quality of human capital in China is low, and the development focus of different technology industries is different. The influence of manufacturing independent innovation and foreign technology spillovers on the promotion of its status in the global value chain is heterogeneous. Obviously, these research conclusions have very important enlightenment significance for thinking about how to realize the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry according to its own development and cultivate several world-class advanced manufacturing clusters under the background of the division of labor in the global value chain.

Abstract:In the increasingly fierce international competition, the lack of a comprehensive understanding on national innovation system of standardization has restricted Chinas transformation from a large manufacturing country to a strong manufacturing country. On the basis of systematically combing the related documents of the manufacturing standardization innovation system of the United States, Germany, Japan and other countries with higher technological level, the article compares the five aspects of the innovation system:main institutions, main factors, synergy, protective mechanism and path. The main institutions mainly include governments, enterprises, educational institutions, intermediary platforms and standardization organizations; main factors focus on knowledge, talents, capital and infrastructure; synergy mainly analyzes and compares the linkage of various institutions and factors in the innovation system; the protection mechanism mainly discusses intellectual property rights and patent systems; the path emphasizes the path-dependent characteristics of the innovation systems of standardization of various countries, which cannot be copied, but can be used for reference to foster the advantages and strengths of the system. Through the literature analysis and comparison of these five aspects, prescriptive research method is adopted to originally explore the model of national innovation system of innovation-driven standardization in China. The model indicates four levels:the core, the micro, the middle, and the macro level. At the core level, it is important to accurately grasp the standardization and innovation collaboration of knowledge-technology-patent-standard path, in which knowledge is generated, absorbed, transferred, diffused, and integrated to new knowledge. At the micro level, it is necessary to strictly require standardization as the primary goal based on the link of enterprise-education & training institution-scientific research institution-domestic standardization organization. The micro level plays a role in the generation, learning, research and development of standardization from the point level. At the middle level, it is necessary to actively promote the collaborative cooperation of industry alliance-financial institution-intermediary agency-industry association. The meso level serves the integration of resources of standardization from the line level. At the macro level, it is necessary to focus on strengthening the government-ISO international exchanges and interactions, promoting the compatibility of Chinese standards and international standards from the surface level. Finally, for building a national innovation system for innovation-driven standardization of manufacturing enterprises, the article provides policy suggestions on six aspects including government and market, opening up, platform building, innovation effect, standard internationalization and training mechanism.

Abstract:It is known that understanding the development status of the manufacturing industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt scientifically and the trend of industrial transfer or undertaking along the Yangtze River Economic Belt is very important for promoting the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt as a whole. By using the shift-share analysis method,this paper computes respectively the industrial structure components,competitiveness components and deviation components of 27 manufacturing sub-sectors in the nine provinces and two cities of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2005 to 2010 and from 2011 to 2015. The development types of the 27 manufacturing industry subdivisions are discriminated and the evolution characteristics are analyzed so as to get the trend of the industry transfer-undertaking in the belt,and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are proposed. The results show that the manufacturing industry competitiveness of two provinces and one municipality directly under the Central Government in the lower reaches has weakened to a different degree,especially Shanghai and Zhejiang,so the traditional manufacturing industry needs industrial transfer urgently. The overall development trend of the manufacturing in the middle reaches is still good. However,it is necessary to speed up the transformation from big provinces to strong ones of manufacturing. It is necessary to change the industrial undertaking status and some industries with weakened competitiveness also need to be transferred. The competitive advantages of the manufacturing of three provinces and one municipality directly under the Central Government in the upper reaches are relatively insufficient. Among them,the manufacturing development advantage of Sichuan is the least obvious. While most of the manufacturing sub-sectors in Chongqing,Guizhou and Yunnan are relatively well developed,who become the important areas to undertake the transfer of manufacturing industry from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

Abstract:The traditional production function ignores the endogeneity of technological progress, so the return on capital according to the marginal output is lower than the actual value. In term of a new method, this paper studies regional difference and convergence of the returns on capital of manufacturing industry in China. The following conclusions are made. First, on the whole, the overall return on capital is 8.79% in the period from 2001 to 2015. Second, returns on capital are significantly different according to the regions, that is, the eastern coastal areas have relatively high rates of return on capital while the central and western regions have relatively low. Third, the analysis of convergence indicates that the growth rate of return on regional capital is negatively correlated with the level value. Finally, TFP has a significant positive impact on the growth of capital return as a major factor while housing price and capital deepening are negative.

Abstract:Based on the National New-type Urbanization Planning for 2014-2020, this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation system of Chinas new-type urbanization level, and calculates the new-type urbanization level of 31 provinces in mainland China from 2003 to 2015 based on the entropy weight method. On this basis, by building a spatial Dubin model, this paper examines the spatial interaction effect of manufacturing agglomeration in China, and studies the impact of manufacturing agglomeration on new-type urbanization under the control of export, financial development and fiscal expenditure. The results show that the agglomeration of manufacturing industry in China has significant spatial dependence characteristics and shows obvious agglomeration club phenomenon. The agglomeration of manufacturing industry has significantly promoted the construction of new urbanization in China, and its spatial spillover effect is obvious. While promoting the new urbanization in this region, it can also effectively drive the development of new urbanization in the surrounding areas. The increasing of local fiscal expenditure helps to promote the construction of new urbanization significantly, and there is spatial interaction between regional fiscal behavior. The adjacent areas can also stimulate the construction of new urbanization by expanding fiscal expenditure. At the same time, export and financial development are also indispensable forces in the construction of new urbanization, but its spatial spillover effect is not obvious, and has no obvious impact on the surrounding areas. In this regard, this paper suggests that industrial agglomeration areas should be taken as the core areas of urban function spillover, constantly improve the relevant infrastructure and public service system of agglomeration areas, so as to achieve a sound development trend of industrial-urban integration.

Abstract:This paper studies the spatial externality of manufacturing agglomeration in 130 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt by using bivariate Moran index. Firstly, the urban economic development index and environmental pollution index are calculated. Taking manufacturing industry as the central variable, the spatial autocorrelation between manufacturing industry, urban economic development index and environmental pollution index is calculated by using bivariate Morans I. The cities with economic and environmental externality in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are obtained. Secondly, in the review of the factors that affect the attributes of urban characteristics, this paper analyzes the generation mechanism of urban spatial externality through the factors of urban location, urban development positioning and planning, and urban scientific and technological innovation capability; finally, on the basis of identifying the specific types and performance of urban externality, this paper analyzes the urban policy system and resource information. In order to realize the spatial linkage effect of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the application of the spatial externality of urban manufacturing industry is put forward from the aspects of industrial structure and ecological environment.

Abstract:Hsieh and Klenow proposed a model to measure the efficiency of total factor productivity and resource allocation in 2009, and Gong Guan and Hu Guanliang expanded the model in 2013.This paper extends Hsieh and Klneows model further and constructs a new model of monopolistic competition for heterogeneous product. Based on this model, this paper studies TFPs of manufacturing industry and explores deep factors affecting the overall TFP growth from the point of the efficiency of resource allocation and technological progress with the methods of Olley and Pakes. The following conclusions are made. First, the overall TFP growth rate is 4.93% in the period from 2001 to 2007, and TFPs are relatively high in central and Western China while TFPs in eastern China are relatively low. Second, because of the declining of both the capital allocation efficiency and the labor allocation efficiency, there is a significant decrease of TFP after 2007.

Abstract:To develop advanced manufacturing is an important content and means of implementing Made in China 2025and constructing a powerful manufacturing country. The development of advanced manufacturing needs high quality engineering talents, especially advanced manufacturing excellent engineers. In consideration of the reality of Chinas engineering talents, craftsman spirit should be especially emphasized for cultivating advanced manufacturing excellent engineers. Then students can possess the core quality and key ability to strive for perfection and settle for excellence. Aiming at the shortcoming of artisan spirit in terms of talent-cultivating objective, curriculum setting, practical teaching, academic evaluation system and training process, higher engineering education for advanced manufacturing should adjust the talents cultivation goal by adding in craftsman spirit; reform professional teaching content and increase craftsman spirit curriculum teaching; strengthen engineering practice to enhance the practice of craftsman spirit; innovate academic evaluation system to form incentive mechanism for craftsman spirit; strengthen publicity and education guidance to creat a good atmosphere of craftsman spirit. Only in this way higher engineering education can support and service the development of advanced manufacturing.