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2025,31(3):1-19, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2025.02.003
The integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation is a key pathway to building a modern industrial system and achieving high-quality economic development. Amid intensifying global technological competition and accelerating industrial restructuring, technological innovation not only serves as a crucial driver of national competitiveness but also forms the foundation for constructing an autonomous and controllable modern industrial system. However, the integration of technological and industrial innovation in China still faces several challenges, including regional disparities, redundant industrial construction, and slow technological industrialization. This paper systematically analyzes the strategic significance of innovation integration, explores the multiple practical challenges hindering its development, and proposes practical pathways for promoting the integration of technological and industrial innovation. These include strengthening national strategic scientific and technological capabilities, building a core technology breakthrough system, optimizing technology transfer mechanisms, fostering urban-rural integrated innovation, advancing education-technology-talent integration, and improving the global innovation governance system. This study aims to provide theoretical support and policy recommendations for advancing Chinese-style modernization.
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2025,31(3):20-31, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2025.03.005
Productivity determines the production relationship, and its specific mechanism of action lies in the fact that significant progress in productivity adjusts the status of various elements in the production process and their relationships in the distribution mode by altering their degrees of participation in the production process. Especially after the First Industrial Revolution, the advancement of productivity gave rise to the most important proletarians and capitalists in the capitalist production relationship, gradually deepening the exploitative relationship, and ultimately, the exploiters will be dispossessed. Similarly, the progress of productivity will inevitably change the status of the elements involved in the production process. These elements include not only spatially attached elements such as land and resources but also information elements whose influence is increasing currently, and even technological elements themselves. The progress of productivity alters the above-mentioned elements in the production process, thereby changing the interrelationships among the owners of various production factors and the status and interrelationships of the owners of production factors in product distribution. In economic activities, the mechanism by which productivity determines the production relationship is realized through the economic growth process and via the labor market. The progress of productivity does not emerge out of thin air but is stimulated by the continuously increasing social demand. In the economic growth process, when the expectation of demand structure upgrading drives technological progress, technological progress promotes the adjustment of the production relationship, the adjustment of the production relationship improves the distribution mode, and the improvement of the distribution mode promotes the expectation of demand structure upgrading, forming a mechanism of cyclical development and spiral upward progress. At the same time, technological progress directly deepens the labor exploitation relationship through the labor market. Due to the early formation of labor supply expectations, there are gaps between the utility and price expectations of labor demand under industrial technological progress and the labor supply expectations, which continuously deepens the exploitative relationship between capital and labor. The general mechanism by which productivity determines the production relationship has undergone new changes in the current new industrial revolution era. The new industrial revolution differs from previous ones. The utilization efficiency of various production factors in the production process is higher, while their total quantity decreases and their status declines. Meanwhile, the labor factor has shown a narrowing trend both in terms of total employment volume and employment structure. This means that the way in which productivity adjusts the production relationship can no longer be mainly resolved spontaneously from the bottom up with the help of market forces as in previous industrial revolutions. Instead, more conscious adjustments need to be made from the top down through the system. With the superiority of the socialist system, China should make relevant institutional arrangements as early as possible.
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2025,31(3):32-45, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2025.03.006
New quality productive forces are a major innovation of the sinicization and modernization of the Marxist theory of productive forces, with a deep foundation of historical materialism. New quality productive forces are a complex system containing brand-new qualitative elements led by scientific and technological innovation, and they are advanced quality of productive forces in line with the new development philosophy, which require accelerating the formation of production relations that are more compatible with them. New quality productive forces in agriculture are the concrete practice and vivid embodiment of new quality productive forces in the field of agriculture. In the process of Chinese path to modernization, the formation and development of new quality productive forces can guarantee the supply of agricultural products, improve the efficiency and quality of agricultural production, promote the upgrading of the structure of the agricultural industry, facilitate the green and low-carbon transformation of agriculture, expand and optimize agricultural resources and markets, and ultimately inject new kinetic energy into the high-quality development of agriculture. At present, empowering high-quality development of agriculture with new quality productive forces still has such practical dilemmas as insufficient innovation and application of agricultural science and technology, shortage of specialized high-quality talents in agriculture, relative lag in the development of digital infrastructure in agriculture, low degree of integration of the whole agricultural industry chain, and the corresponding institutional mechanism is not sound, which affect the effectiveness of new quality productive forces. We need to promote scientific and technological innovation breakthroughs in key areas of agriculture and their transformation and application, strengthen the construction of new agricultural production and management personnel, promote the construction of new agricultural infrastructure, accelerate the construction of a modernized agricultural industrial system, and develop institutional mechanisms that are more compatible with new quality productive forces in agriculture, so as to better empower high-quality development of agriculture with new quality productive forces.
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ZHANG Yunping, WANG Xiaokai, CHEN Yan
2025,31(3):46-63, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2024.11.004
New quality productivity represents an advanced standard of productivity aligned with contemporary development principles. New quality productivity of enterprises serves as a specific manifestation of new quality productivity at the micro level, acting as a powerful driving force and essential support for high-quality development in the new era. Fostering the growth of new quality productivity within enterprises emphasizes the importance of enhancing their innovative capabilities, which holds significant strategic implications for accelerating the advancement of new quality productivity and achieving high-quality development. In the ongoing journey toward promoting high-quality economic and social development, the construction of smart cities aims to address various developmental challenges through the digital transformation of entire regions. The effectiveness of smart city initiatives significantly influences the innovative, green, and digital development of enterprises, which, in turn, impacts the cultivation and growth of new productivity to an extent. Utilizing data from Chinese A-share listed enterprises spanning from 2011 to 2022, this article empirically investigates the effects of smart city construction on the cultivation and development of new productivity within enterprises, employing a progressive double difference model. The findings indicate that smart city construction significantly contributes to both the cultivation of new quality productivity and the enhancement of its levels. The findings withstand multiple robustness tests, including parallel trend tests, placebo tests, variable substitutions, and the exclusion of outlier data. The mechanism analysis reveals that, while facilitating the transformation and upgrading of urban industries at the macro level, smart city construction effectively drives technological innovation at the micro level, thereby promoting the enhancement of new quality productivity within enterprises. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that, during the process of smart city construction empowering enterprises to elevate their new productivity levels, state-owned enterprises and those located in densely populated regions experience more pronounced benefits. This suggests that, in specific practices of smart city construction, it is crucial to consider the unique characteristics of different regions and enterprises, tailoring the development of new productivity to local conditions to maximize the impact of smart city initiatives. The findings of this paper provide vital empirical evidence supporting the ongoing promotion of smart city construction as a means to empower enterprises with new productivity. In the new journey of high-quality development, gaining in-depth insights into and effectively leveraging the impact of smart city construction on enterprise productivity cultivation and enhancement is essential for accelerating the growth and maturation of new quality productivity. Ultimately, this will guide Chinese enterprises toward achieving higher levels of developmental quality and improved efficiency.
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2025,31(3):64-74, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2025.03.002
Under the grand backdrop of the unprecedented global changes in a century and the strategic landscape of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation intertwining and interacting, how to build a modernized industrial system has become a crucial task for China's high-quality economic development. The proposal of the new quality productive forces theory provides scientific criteria and important guidance for this endeavor. Accurately understanding the significant requirement of guiding the development of new quality productive forces through scientific and technological innovation to construct a modernized industrial system necessitates clarifying the intrinsic logical relationship between these two aspects. As the contemporary evolution of productive forces, new quality productive forces emerge through revolutionary technological breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and in-depth transformation and upgrading of industries. The fourth scientific and technological revolution has expanded production factors beyond traditional elements like capital, labor, and technology to include new elements such as information, data, and energy. From the perspective of production factors, the criteria for evaluating production advantages are shifting from singular quantitative input to a dual emphasis on quantity and quality. As a vital component of production methods, the construction of a modernized industrial system actively promotes new quality productive forces. Therefore, it is essential to take scientific and technological innovation leading the development of new quality productive forces as the basic requirement for building a modernized industrial system, take the advancement of new quality productive forces as the ultimate criterion for evaluating the success of modernized industrial system construction, and guide the direction of industrial system modernization based on the characteristics of new quality productive forces. To fully leverage the driving role of a modernized industrial system in fostering new quality productive forces, efforts must focus on: 1) Accelerating major scientific projects, strengthening strategic emerging industries, and proactively cultivating future industries; 2) Creating institutional mechanisms conducive to disruptive innovation and providing diverse scenarios for its application; 3) Recognizing the role of traditional industries in developing new quality productive forces; 4) Standardizing and optimizing industrial competition environments; 5) Adjusting internal industrial relationships to form an innovation-driven, balanced, and efficient modernized system; 6) Enhancing national industrial governance capabilities, leveraging the institutional advantages of socialist market economy, and improving the effectiveness of industrial policies.
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CHEN Yulei, TONG Xiaoge, RAN Maosheng, HAN Wei
2025,31(3):75-89, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2024.11.001
The rapid development of artificial intelligence is sparking a productivity revolution, promoting the transition of traditional productivity to new quality productivity. In this context, based on the social-technical systems theory (STST), this paper divides artificial intelligence into two dimensions: vision and technology, constructs indicators for artificial intelligence vision and artificial intelligence technology, and explores the intrinsic correlation between artificial intelligence and the development of new quality productive forces using data from China's A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2022. The empirical results show that: 1) Artificial intelligence significantly promotes the development of new quality productive forces, and the test results after controlling for endogeneity and robustness are consistent with the benchmark test results. In addition, this paper confirms that compared with artificial intelligence technology, artificial intelligence vision may have an exaggeration effect, that is, the positive effect of artificial intelligence technology is smaller than that of artificial intelligence vision, which means that enterprises should not let artificial intelligence stay at the slogan stage when cultivating new productive forces, but should promote the implementation of artificial intelligence technology, so as to truly promote the development of enterprises' new quality productive forces. 2) In terms of transmission mechanism, this paper opens the black box of artificial intelligence driving the development of new quality productive forces, and analyzes the mechanism of artificial intelligence on the development of new quality productive forces from the perspective of labor skill structure adjustment. The study finds that both artificial intelligence vision and artificial intelligence technology significantly improve labor skill level and promote the transformation of labor skill structure from low-skilled to high-skilled, that is, artificial intelligence can empower labor skill improvement, and then have a positive impact on new quality productive forces. 3) Further research shows that the characteristics of high-tech industries are more conducive to the landing and application of artificial intelligence technology, and the better the digital technology facilities in the area where the enterprise is located, the stronger the positive effect that artificial intelligence technology may exert, that is, both aspects will strengthen the positive role of artificial intelligence in promoting new quality productive forces. The research conclusions of this paper have important policy implications for promoting enterprises to form new quality productive forces with high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, as well as the development of the artificial intelligence industry, as follows: First, we must unswervingly follow the path of technological development, continuously increase investment in artificial intelligence technology innovation, and lay a solid foundation for the formation and development of new quality productive forces with independent and self-reliant technology; Second, we must vigorously cultivate innovative and compound digital talents, continuously expand the new labor force, and provide a strong talent guarantee for the development of new quality productive forces; Third, we must accelerate the creation of soft environment and hard environment to provide fertile soil for the application of artificial intelligence technology and help the development of the artificial intelligence industry.
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YU Wei, ZHAO Wanyu, ZHAO Tongtong
2025,31(3):90-104, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2024.12.002
New quality productivity has formed and demonstrated in practice as a strong driving force and support for high-quality development, and the rapid development of the digital economy has provided technical support and industrial foundation for the leap of productivity, becoming the core driving force for cultivating new quality productivity. Therefore, clarifying the internal mechanism of the role of digital economy in new quality productivity and exploring the logical relationship between the two are of great significance for developing new quality productivity according to local conditions and promoting high-quality economic and social development. The article is based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2021, guided by Marxist productivity theory, and closely focused on the core connotation of new quality productivity. It constructs an evaluation index system to measure the development level of new quality productivity from three dimensions: new quality workers, new quality labor objects, and new quality labor materials, and deeply explores the impact and mechanism of digital economy on the development of new quality productivity. Research has found that: 1) Digital economy has a significant positive promoting effect on new quality productivity, and this conclusion still holds true after endogeneity and robustness tests; 2) The heterogeneity test results indicate that the empowering effect of digital economy on new quality productivity is effective in the eastern, central, and western regions of China, and shows a stronger empowering effect in the western region. However, it is not significant in the northeast region. This may be due to the relatively weak digital infrastructure, population outflow, and slow industrial transformation in the northeast region; 3) The mechanism test results show that digital economy can promote the development of new quality productivity through two paths: accelerating the process of market-oriented reform and promoting the upgrading of industrial structure; 4) The threshold effect reveals that the impact of digital economy on the development of new quality productivity is not linear, but rather has a significant threshold effect, which increases significantly with the improvement of the level of digital economy development. Based on this, the article proposes to vigorously develop digital economy, providing solid technical support and innovative momentum for cultivating new quality productivity; To accelerate the process of market-oriented reform and provide a favorable business environment and institutional guarantee for the cultivation of new quality productive forces; To accelerate the optimization and adjustment of industrial structure, and provide a solid industrial foundation and platform efficiency for the cultivation of new quality productivity. From the theoretical perspective, the article establishes an interactive analysis framework for the organic correlation between the digital economy and new quality productivity, responding to the research shortcomings raised by many scholars regarding the insufficient empirical analysis of the two; From the practical perspective, the policy recommendations proposed in the article can fully leverage the unique effectiveness of digital economy and provide reference for accelerating the formation of new quality productivity.
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2025,31(3):105-117, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.pj.2025.02.003
In the context of the ongoing digital and intelligent revolution, generative AI like DeepSeek and Manus is radically reshaping the human resource market, driving the automation of traditional jobs and the rapid emergence of new occupational models. This has resulted in a fundamental transformation of skill structures and value distribution systems. This study focuses on generative AI like DeepSeek and Manus, developing a theoretical model to explore the interaction between the intelligent revolution and the human resource market. The study systematically examines the dimensions of technological impact and market reconstruction mechanisms, and conducts an in-depth analysis of the automation of knowledge-intensive jobs, the restructuring of the cognitive labor value chain, the evolution of human-machine collaboration models, and the internal logic of traditional and emerging skill transitions. The research finds that generative AI like DeepSeek and Manus plays a positive role in improving productivity, optimizing labor processes, and promoting industrial upgrades. However, their rapid application has exposed ethical risks, such as institutional lag, gaps in professional certification, algorithmic bias, and digital surveillance, which challenge laborers' rights protection, employment fairness, and social security systems. In response to these issues, the study proposes taking institutional innovation as the core, constructing a dynamic adaptive regulatory framework and universal basic skill accounts, along with strengthening labor relations legislation. It also suggests optimizing talent training mechanisms, enhancing lifelong learning capabilities, and promoting human-machine collaboration and high-quality human capital development through industry-education integration, public support, and vocational transformation training. Furthermore, it advocates for the establishment of a transitional employment protection fund and the improvement of digital taxes and income redistribution mechanisms to mitigate the income polarization risks caused by the digital divide. The research concludes that, although technological progress and market transformation bring unprecedented opportunities for the human resource market, it is essential to drive the fair distribution of technological benefits to all workers through multidimensional collaborative governance and institutional safeguards, achieving a synergistic enhancement of productivity and human capital as well as overall social stability. The theoretical analysis and governance recommendations of this study not only provide theoretical support and practical references for governments and businesses in formulating policies to respond to the impacts of the intelligent revolution, but also point the way forward for exploring new human resource management models in the future.
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XU Zheng, QIU Shichen, GE Liming
2025,31(3):118-129, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.pj.2025.02.002
The rapid development of artificial intelligence technology is profoundly reshaping the global education system, especially in the field of cultivating top-notch innovative talents. As a new-generation large language model, DeepSeek not only provides breakthrough technological empowerment in knowledge integration, personalized learning support, and high-level thinking training, but also promotes the reconstruction of the education system through intelligent means. Its core goal is to build a talent cultivation system for top-notch innovative talents that adapts to the needs of future technological and social development, enabling students to possess interdisciplinary knowledge integration, critical thinking, autonomous learning ability, and a global perspective, thereby meeting the country's talent demands in key areas. This article explores the theoretical logic and practical paths of DeepSeek's empowerment of top-notch innovative talents, aiming to systematically enhance the quality of top-notch innovative talent cultivation. Firstly, DeepSeek has four core value implications in the process of cultivating top-notch innovative talents: intelligent integration of interdisciplinary knowledge and innovation thinking leap, personalized navigation for advanced learning and high-level cognitive construction, collaborative progress in intelligent innovation ecosystem construction and scientific research paradigm transformation, and vision expansion for global knowledge interconnection and international competitiveness improvement. Secondly, the empowerment logic of DeepSeek mainly includes intelligent empowerment, cognitive empowerment, and ecological empowerment: intelligent empowerment focuses on course integration and high-level thinking cultivation, optimizing the knowledge system structure and promoting the transformation from passive learning to independent innovation; cognitive empowerment realizes differentiated teaching through intelligent learning analysis, shaping innovative qualities and improving the precision and adaptability of talent cultivation; ecological empowerment emphasizes the construction of a collaborative education environment, breaking down the resource sharing mechanism among universities, research institutions, and enterprises, and forming a systematic support system for the growth of top-notch innovative talents. Finally, in the context of intensified global technological competition, the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents in China needs to be further strengthened. Therefore, the practical paths of DeepSeek's empowerment of top-notch innovative talent cultivation include: first, building an intelligent evaluation system, using precise assessment and innovation-driven methods to optimize the talent selection mechanism and promote the reform of ability-oriented education evaluation; second, implementing intelligent-assisted teaching, through deep personalized learning and high-level cognitive training, to strengthen the thinking shaping of top-notch innovative talents; third, creating an intelligent research ecosystem, promoting human-machine collaborative innovation, and facilitating cross-disciplinary cooperation and the transformation of frontier research paradigms; fourth, strengthening practice-driven innovation, enhancing the chain from knowledge generation to technology transformation, and promoting the application of artificial intelligence in solving real-world problems. In the future, DeepSeek can further optimize the application of intelligent technology, enhance the precision and adaptability of the talent cultivation system, provide a systematic solution to the structural contradictions in the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents, and provide strong support for the construction of an educational and technological power.
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XIONG Xing, YU Xinghou, HE Wenhong
2025,31(3):130-148, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.pj.2024.07.003
The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized that the current and upcoming period is a critical phase for comprehensively advancing the great endeavor of building a strong nation and achieving national rejuvenation through Chinese-style modernization. Accurately understanding the practical foundation and evolving trends of Chinese-style modernization is of significant and urgent theoretical and practical importance for its advancement. Therefore, based on the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, an evaluation index system for Chinese-style modernization has been constructed from five dimensions: population modernization, ecological civilization modernization, economic modernization, cultural modernization, and modernization of opening-up. By comprehensively applying the entropy weight TOPSIS method, the Dugam Gini coefficient, and the Kernel density estimation, we have measured and analyzed the level of modernization and regional characteristics at the provincial level in China from 2013 to 2022, and explored the regional heterogeneity and evolution trends.The study finds that the level of modernization in China showed a stable growth trend from 2013 to 2022, but the overall level of modernization still has considerable room for improvement. From a detailed perspective, significant achievements have been made in the fields of population modernization, ecological civilization modernization, and economic modernization, highlighting positive results in optimizing population structure, protecting the ecological environment, and developing the economy. In contrast, the progress in cultural modernization and modernization of opening-up has been relatively slower, becoming weak links that need to be strengthened in the current modernization process.Moreover, the spatial pattern significantly reflects regional disparities, with a distinct east high, west low characteristic. This regional difference not only exacerbates the polarization of development levels but also poses more urgent requirements for coordinated development nationwide. In the future, precise policies need to be implemented to promote balanced development and advance the comprehensive construction of a socialist modernized country.
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2025,31(3):149-161, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.pj.2024.12.012
Doctoral education is the highest level of education in the Chinese educational system.Doctoral talents are the backbone of promoting social innovation and development and an important embodiment of the country's core competitiveness. The doctoral dissertation is the most important learning and academic research achievement of doctoral candidates.It is the most essential basis for the comprehensive evaluation and measurement of doctoral candidates' learning and research ability.Overall, it is necessary to evaluate doctoral dissertations in a scientific and reasonable way so as to strengthen doctoral education, and promote doctoral talents to play a leading role in China's innovation and development.The evaluation of doctoral dissertations is both subjective and objective. Different subjects can obtain distinct evaluation criteria according to various perspectives. These criteria have their own special bases and are implemented within a certain range. Meanwhile, these criteria are in accordance with the intrinsic value requirements of doctoral dissertations and meet their appraisal standards. In fact, basic principles are the rules and standards through which the evaluation of doctoral dissertations is carried out so as to standardize the evaluation process.Value orientation of dissertations determines the specific configuration of each evaluation index and dominates the subjective value choice of degree applicants.Controlling the value dimension of doctoral dissertation evaluation contributes to restricting the index system of doctoral education evaluation from the operational level and guiding training units to curb the decline of training quality of doctoral talents. With the development of science and technology, the theory and technology of degree and postgraduate education evaluation have also made new progress. The original evaluation system of doctoral dissertations in China lags behind the development of the current era, and it is urgent to make corresponding adjustments. Nowadays, the evaluation of doctoral dissertations should follow the principles of combination of goal and problem orientation, connection of process, outcome and value-added evaluation, association of classified and comprehensive evaluation. The core value of the evaluation should focus on three levels and nine aspects. The three levels are innovation in academic knowledge, acquisition of academic skills, development of academic accomplishments. The nine aspects include the systematic basic knowledge, in-depth professional knowledge, innovative knowledge, ability to discover problems, scientific research ability, independent writing ability, academic awareness, academic ethics and academic practice.
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2025,31(3):162-171, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.rw.2025.04.003
Following World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union conducted trials at the Nuremberg and Khabarovsk tribunals, respectively, prosecuting 35 individuals involved in medical crimes as organizers, participants, and collaborators. While these trials exhibited significant differences in legal foundations, evidence-gathering methods, judicial processes, and sentencing outcomes—reflecting the complexities of distinct social systems, legal frameworks, and value orientations—they demonstrated notable similarities in the charges and convictions of defendants for war crimes and crimes against humanity. This alignment likely stems from the inherent types and characteristics of medical crimes committed by Nazi Germany and wartime Japan. Both tribunals relied heavily on material evidence and witness testimonies during investigations, trials, and verdicts, which became pivotal to judicial rulings and provided critical insights into the medical crimes. To varying degrees, these trials held defendants accountable for wartime atrocities, punished egregiously unethical criminal physicians, and left indelible marks on the history of war tribunals. They also laid the historical groundwork for postwar medical ethics principles. The Permissible Medical Experiments outlined during the Nuremberg trials gradually evolved into the Nuremberg Code and the Helsinki Declaration. The Khabarovsk trial, meanwhile, marked humanity's first public prosecution of bacteriological warfare crimes, serving as a pioneering documentation of Japanese medical atrocities. It established a factual foundation for global academic research into evidence of bacteriological warfare and human experimentation. Through media coverage, literary works, historical studies, and museum exhibitions, the trial has transitioned from a historical event into collective memory, amplifying its historical significance and contemporary relevance. As "historical legacies", both medical tribunals established benchmarks for identifying perpetrators, factual determinations, and defining the nature of medical crimes. Notably, the Nuremberg Code has become the cornerstone of modern ethics in human experimentation, underscoring the tribunals' lasting contributions and current relevance. This framework suggests that future analyses of medical crimes perpetrated by entities such as the Japanese Army Medical School, Unit 731, and Kyushu Imperial University could be examined through the lens of the Nuremberg Code. Such studies would systematically elucidate the extreme, organized, and militarized features of Japanese medical crimes, as well as their intrinsic connections to the era's sociopolitical environment, institutional structures, and medical systems.
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2025,31(3):172-184, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.rw.2025.04.001
The national title "Zhongguo" (China) appears straightforward at first glance, yet carries profound and multilayered connotations. Its essence aligns with the core concept of the "Three Transformations" principle in the Yijing. As a linguistic concept, the term "Zhongguo" embodies fluidity in meaning. Throughout ancient Chinese history, it encompassed diverse interpretations: the imperial capital, royal domains, territories under the Son of Heaven, the Central Plains regions, states inheriting Huaxia civilization, honorific titles for ancient regimes, and a historical-geographical concept of China.As a political symbol, "Zhongguo" represents a simplified political ideal rooted in the "Mandate of Heaven" (Tianming). It denotes a superior political center within the traditional "All-under-Heaven" (Tianxia) order, structured around the principle of "civilized central states versus peripheral barbarians" (nei Zhonghua er wai Yidi). All other interpretations derive from this foundational concept, making "Zhongguo" a self-referential title for regimes claiming or possessing elevated political status.As a spiritual bond, "Zhongguo" constitutes an immutable cultural gene. As the superior political center in the Tianxia framework, it assumed responsibility for civilizational leadership, cultural dissemination, and moral stewardship. Consequently, the ethos of self-strengthening and historical mission became ingrained in the "Zhongguo" identity, fostering a centripetal force that facilitated cultural integration between the Central Plains agrarian civilization and surrounding ethnic groups. The evolution of "Zhongguo" reflects dynamic textual interpretations, streamlined political essences, and enduring spiritual continuity. This dialectic of change and constancy intertwines with ancient ethnic integration: cross-cultural interactions enriched the national spirit embedded in the title, while the title itself guided integration processes, ultimately forging a unified, multi-ethnic China. Today, the ideals of self-reliance and global responsibility inherent in "Zhongguo" remain vital spiritual forces driving China's development and the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind.
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2025,31(3):185-193, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.rw.2025.04.002
Decorative jade, with its diverse categories, is a kind of common jade objects favored by the nobles of the Zhou Dynasty. With the increasing richness of archaeological materials, we can find that the nobles of the Zhou Dynasty showed significant gender differences in the use of certain decorative jade, including trapezoidal chained pendants, jade silkworms and jade "she". Trapezoidal chained pendants are a special group of jade pieces that string beads of different materials into a number of strands, and then bundled at one or both ends of the trapezoidal plate decoration. They are mainly discovered in the tombs of female nobles. Jade silkworm is a kind of jade carved into the shape of silkworm. Due to the size limitation, such objects are usually combined with decorative jade such as hair accessories, jade pieces, wrist ornaments, etc. The major users of such wearing are still female nobles. Only a few male nobles use jade silkworm as decorative jade components. Different from the first two types of jade objects, jade "she", which may be used as a hook and string tool, is more commonly found in male tombs. The causes of gender differences in jade are complex and diverse, but are fundamentally affected by the characteristics and uses of jade objects. Female jade ornaments are more inclined to show decorativeness, while males are less likely to try bold combinations, which is why the more specially shaped trapezoidal chained pendants are more favored by females. As an indispensable bow shooting tool in rituals and actual combats, "she" is mainly worn by males as a matter of course, so is jade "she". According to literature records, most activities related to silkworms are presided over or participated in by females, and the mulberry bush, as the habitat of silkworms, is also an important place for people to pray to the God for children, which may be the reason for the close connection between jade silkworms and women. As for the situation where trapezoidal chained pendants or jade "she" are buried together in the tombs of husband and wife, it is unlikely to be coincidental. The decorative jade that appears in the tombs of the relatively vulnerable gender may well be tokens presented by the opposite sex, serving as the spiritual bailment and symbol of the relationships of both parties. Archaeological materials and documentary records are evidence of such a hypothesis.
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2025,31(3):194-207, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.fx.2024.11.001
Regional collaborative legislation is a highly innovative local legislative system within China’s legislative framework. The revised Article 83 of the “Legislation Law” in 2023 establishes the regional collaborative legislative system, fundamentally addressing the legitimacy issues in the practice of regional collaborative legislation. However, many ambiguities within the system remain unaddressed. Therefore, it’s necessary to discuss the normative attributes, legal boundaries, and conflict resolution of regional collaborative legislation through the lens of legislative jurisprudence and in the context of China’s regional collaborative legislative practices. As a novel type of local legislation, regional collaborative legislation possesses unique normative attributes. On the one hand, it aims to fulfill the needs of regional coordinated development and represents a specialized exercise of local legislative power. On the other hand, regional collaborative regulations should be categorized as local regulations within the legal hierarchy, equal in status to other local laws, while also embodying cross-regional characteristics, notably in terms of both the cross-regional nature of the issues it addresses and the spatial efficacy of its norms. The legislative powers in regional collaboration must adhere to certain principled legal boundaries: it must not contravene constitutional provisions or encroach upon legally reserved matters, exceed the necessities of coordinated regional development reforms, or extend beyond the designated geographic scope of the regions involved. This framework operates on several levels: on a macro level, the power of regional collaborative legislation should be guided fundamentally by regional coordinated development policies and should uphold the principle of legal unity; at a meso level, it should be confined to the needs of specific collaborative projects; and on a micro level, it should satisfy basic requirements of alignment between cross-regional affairs and the administrative divisions of the legislative bodies involved. These boundaries remain principled and baseline since the precise scope of regional legislative powers depends significantly on the practical explorations of regional coordination strategies and cannot be clearly delineated by enumerative lists. Furthermore, the regional collaborative legislative powers held by municipalities should adhere to these principles, limited to areas such as “urban and rural construction and management, ecological civilization construction, historical and cultural protection, and grassroots governance”. In terms of the legal application of regional collaborative regulations and general local regulations, the principle of “special laws take precedence over general laws” holds the highest priority. The principle of “agreements must be honored” and the principle of administrative good faith can provide supporting grounds for the precedence of regional collaborative regulations. When the two involve special circumstances requiring adjudication on legislative validity, the decision shall be made by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress.Additionally, in cases involving special circumstances of legislative effectiveness adjudication, it should be decided by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress. Furthermore, when collaborative legislative authority cannot meet the legislative needs of regional coordinated development reforms, it can be considered to empower regional collaborative legislation through authorization legislation by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress.
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2025,31(3):208-218, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.fx.2020.12.002
Mineral resources constitute an essential material foundation for economic and social development, with their exploration and exploitation bearing significant implications for the national economy, people’s livelihood, and security. The Mineral Resources Law enacted in 1986, serving as the fundamental legislation governing mineral resource development, utilization, and protection, underwent partial amendments in 1996 and 2009. However, it ultimately failed to transcend the specific limitations of planned economy-era legislation, proving inadequate in comprehensively addressing emerging situations and challenges within the mineral resources sector. The new Mineral Resources Law implemented on July 1, 2025, represents the first comprehensive revision since its promulgation, serving not only as a crucial legal safeguard for high-quality development in the mining industry but also as a vivid manifestation of China’s persistent efforts in constructing a legal framework for mineral governance. Mining rights stand as the core conceptual framework within the Mineral Resources Law, forming the pivotal support for its institutional architecture. The legislative configuration of this concept constitutes a critical issue in the legal system construction of mineral resources.The new Mineral Resources Law completes the transformation of the real right of mining rights by legislative resettlement, and realizes the fundamental transformation of mining rights from the “three rights in one”into the “right of de-certification”. The establishment, alteration and elimination of mining rights comply with the real estate rights change rules established by the Property Law, highlighting the institutional function of mining rights registration. The content composition strengthens the exclusive features of mining rights, adds a “through train” mode of converting prospecting rights into mining rights, and clarifies the system incentives for comprehensive exploration and integrated utilization. The legislative main line of the new Mineral Resources Law switches the power-centered system design to the rights-centered system design. Although this amendment is more appropriate for the legislative reset of the concept of mining rights, there is still further space for improvement in the construction of the system. For the supplement of the rules, for the “exploration to mining” fees, the new Mineral Resources Law designed to regulate the system is still in the rough framework structure, the specific types of fees, collection methods and collection of the amount of content are required to the financial sector and natural resources departments in charge of the cooperation and joint efforts. Specifically, whether mining rights transfer proceeds should be levied during “prospecting-to-mining”transitions must principally consider whether prospecting rights have undergone compensated disposition. For prospecting rights acquired through priority application in unexplored areas, “exploration encouragement” should serve as a key determinant in deciding such charges. Regarding the establishment of mining rights for newly discovered mineral resources, while emphasizing the implementation of institutional incentives for “comprehensive exploration, integrated utilization, and rational extraction”, vigilance must be maintained against potential distortions into pathways evading competitive allocation of mining rights. At the legislative follow-up level, synchronized advancement of the “establishment, reform, and abolition” within the supporting legal system proves imperative. The “establishment” and “abolition” as the mineral resources legal system reconstruction of the grasp, has the urgency of synchronization. Comprehensively abolish the system of norms that are contrary to the spirit of the amendment, and at the same time strengthen the construction of supporting norms behind a large number of authorization clauses involving different subjects.
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MENG Dongfang, ZHAI Changmiao, CHENG Shiyuan
2025,31(3):219-230, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.fx.2025.03.001
As an innovation and development of Marxist productivity theory in the context of socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era, new quality productivity not only profoundly reflects the tremendous changes in China’s economy and society but also serves as a significant driving force pushing forward China’s modernization. This theoretical innovation not only enriches and develops the Marxist theoretical treasury but also injects new vitality and momentum into China’s economic and social development. With the continuous advancement of China’s modernization, the development of newquality productivity inevitably promotes continuous changes in social relations, which require the safeguard and regulation of modern legal systems. In theory, the development of new quality productivity calls for the simultaneous innovation and deepening of modern legal theories. As the technological revolution and industrial transformation accelerate, traditional forms of productivity and social relations are undergoing unprecedented reshaping. The rapid development of emerging industries, the digital economy, artificial intelligence, and other fields poses new challenges and demands on legal construction. Therefore, modern legal theories must keep pace with the times, continuously incorporate the characteristics and needs of new quality productivity, and construct a solid legal framework and safeguard system for its development. This is both an inheritance and development of the Marxist view of the rule of law and a profound grasp of the laws governing legal construction in the process of China’s modernization. At the practical level, the development of new quality productivity cannot be separated from the comprehensive protection of the legal system. Innovating the allocation of production factors requires the legal system to clarify property rights ownership and facilitate efficient resource circulation. Maintaining an open and fair market competition environment necessitates the legal system to uphold market order and combat unfair competition. A sound scientific and technological management system requires the legal system to regulate research conduct and stimulate innovation vitality. A flexible and efficient innovation system requires the legal system to safeguard the conversion and application of innovation outcomes. A virtuous cycle of talent education and social security requires the legal system to ensure fairness and justice and promote social harmony. In terms of pathway selection, adhering to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is the fundamental principle for building the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics. Under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China, we must continuously improve the legislative, executive, and judicial systems, deepen the reform of the legal system’s operation, strengthen intellectual property protection, effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers, and continuously optimize the business environment. These measures will not only provide robust legal safeguards for the development of new quality productivity but also lay a solid foundation for the smooth advancement of China’s modernization.
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2025,31(3):231-245, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.fx.2025.02.001
The system of accountability for wrongful convictions and the system of selecting the post of judges at each level are two important judicial systems closely related to the second-instance final adjudication system. These two systems can obtain their legal legitimacy and due institutional claims from the legal propositions embedded in the second-instance final adjudication system. From purely theoretical logical deduction, the second-instance final adjudication system implies the following two basic legal propositions: Firstly, the judge of the first instance is allowed to decide the wrong case based on his professional judgment and the judge of the first instance is exempted from the responsibility of deciding the wrong case based on his professional judgment. This proposition embodies a moderate tolerance for the judge’s professional discretion, and has important theoretical value and practical significance for safeguarding the judge’s enthusiasm and initiative in adjudication and cultivating the judge’s judicial conscience. Its legitimacy stems from the professionalism of legal interpretation and legal application, the value of judicial adjudication, and the non-selectivity of judges’ adjudication;Secondly, the professionalism of judges of the second trial is in principle higher than that of judges of the first trial. The proposition embodies the justice of judicial procedure, which is an important guarantee for the construction of the rule of law and judicial justice, as well as the basis for ensuring judicial justice and authority, and a necessary condition for realizing the uniform application of the law and the correct judicial orientation. Its legitimacy stems from the professional competence requirements of the judges of the second instance, the functional orientation of the courts of the second instance, and the stronger anti-intervention capacity of the judges of the second instance. These two legal propositions, each has its own internal theoretical logic and value orientation. The legal proposition of “allowing the judge of the first instance to decide wrong cases based on professional judgment” can provide a basis for the formal judgment standard of “wrong decision (wrong case)”, the substantive judgment standard of “based on professional judgment”, the form of responsibility and the form of exemption from responsibility, and the value orientation of the judge of the second instance. Criteria, exemption from liability and the specific circumstances of the form of responsibility to provide value guidance;legal proposition “the second instance judge’s professionalism is in principle higher than that of the judge of the first instance”, for the second instance judge to have a higher professional theoretical and practical quality, to provide the value of the rationality of the judgment, and for the improvement of the system of selecting the post of judges by the gradual selection system to provide a system that can withstand the jurisprudential reasoning. Improvement of the path. Further, by analyzing the discrepancy between the contingent system demand and system practice of the pursuit of judges’ wrongdoing and selecting the post of judges at each level, it can be found that the existing system in the pursuit of judges’ responsibility for wrongdoing of the exemption from responsibility determination standard, the post of judges gradual selection standard and its scope of application, the relevant legal norms effect level and systematic, etc., there still exists the space for further improvement and improvement. Based on this, this paper puts forward the following system improvement suggestions: improve the judge accountability and responsibility exemption normative system;construction of “based on professional judgment” of the judge responsibility exemption supplemental determination standard;in the legislation on strict distinction between political responsibility, legal responsibility and management responsibility;unified post of judge level by level selection of the scope of the selection and the establishment of a relatively unified selection standards. Selection standards. Generally speaking, the research results of this paper can provide the legal justification for the system of investigating wrongful cases and the system of selecting the post of judges at each level, and respond to the specific challenges raised by the innovation of judicial practice and the related doctrinal controversy, which has important theoretical value and practical significance.
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2025,31(3):246-256, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.fx.2024.04.003
In the era of “AI+”, it’s normal to enforce law assisted by artificial intelligence. As an important tool of infringement governance in cyberspace, the intelligent enforcement of the notification rule is accelerating. Existing researches mainly focus on the field of online copyright infringement, and do not pay sufficient attention to the intelligent enforcement of the notification rule in the field of e-commerce platforms. The platform economy is an important part of China’s economic development, and the high-quality development of the platform economy is closely related to advanced capacity of platform governance. When the algorithm is applied to the notification rule, the defects of the technology itself coupled with the inherent gaps in the notification rule will lead to a surge in the number of notifications, and erroneous notifications are more and more inevitable. The key to solving the problem is the value embedded in the notification rule. It should shift the value from promoting industrial development to the public interest, from upholding technological neutrality to the goodness of science and technology, and from constructing a cooperative mechanism to establishing a mechanism of responsibility. Specifically, priority can be given to the adoption of source management strategy, through the regulation and filing of notification algorithms as well as the strict adaptation of the formal and substantive elements of notification, to achieve the control of the number of notifications and the improvement of the quality of notifications. In addition, it should also attach great importance to the aftermath of the pursuit of responsibility, so as to form a closed loop of governance, as far as possible to avoid the occurrence of erroneous notification. Firstly, in terms of the responsible subject of wrong notification, it should strictly distinguish between the error of notification algorithm users, the error of notification algorithm designers and the error of algorithm notification reviewers. Secondly, in terms of the burden of proof for wrong notification, the burden of proof for causality element should be reduced, and the standard of causality should be shifted from equivalent causality to the rule of presumption of causality, so as to cope with the difficult problem of proof of causality element that exists in the cases of infringement involving artificial intelligence. It is worth noting that in the “AI+” era, the principle of attribution of wrong notification should adhere to the principle of no-fault liability, while the principle of attribution of wrong notification issued in bad faith adopts the principle of fault liability. Finally, in terms of the scope of liability for wrong notification, the scope of liability of the platform should be based on its subjective fault, and the degree of fault should be combined with the consequences of the damage, the type of rights involved and the current level of technology to make a comprehensive judgment. In sum, with the intervention of algorithmic technology, the notification rule itself is facing an urgent transformation, and it is necessary to adjust the standard of effective notification, reasonably allocate and moderately limit the responsibility of wrong notification, so as to ensure that the rule can be revitalized in the era of “AI+”, and continue to escort the high-quality development of the economy of e-commerce platforms.
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2025,31(3):257-271, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.fx.2025.05.003
By investigating the criminal judgments about the cases of stealing digital currency made by Chinese courts, not only can be found that the characteristics of the cases of stealing digital currency in China and many useful revelations for the judicial practice, can also be found that the proportion that Chinese courts consider the conduct of stealing digital currency as the crime of stealing is a half, the followed is the crime of illegally obtaining data of computer information system. Imaginative joinder of offences and the crime of destroying computer information system are very rare conclusions. The phenomenon that the conclusions of judging the conduct of stealing digital currency are very different with each other in the trial practice of Chinese courts results in the necessity of in-depth research on this issue in the theory of criminal law. Digital currency as a property benefit is a kind of data. Digital currency as incorporeal things should be included as the object of ownership. The conduct object of the crime of stealing “property” consequently includes digital currency. Digital currency is a restricted contraband. If the conduct of stealing of digital currency constitutes the crime of stealing or several crimes including this crime, the conductor should be given a lenient punishment. In judicial practice, we should firstly exclude pseudo cases of stealing digital currency. If the conductor implemented the conduct of “mining machines” and electricity, as well as the conduct of “mining” through using his or others’computers to create digital currency, such cases are not real cases of digital currency, and the former case should be returned to the track of stealing ordinary property. In the latter case, we should judge whether the crime of illegally invading into computer information system and the crime of illegally controlling computer information system are established. Then we should examine whether the conduct of stealing digital currency constitutes the crime of stealing and the crime of illegally obtaining computer information system data. The focus of the examination is whether the conduct of conductor meets the requirement of large amount in the crime of stealing and bad circumstances in the crime of illegally obtaining computer information system data. If the conduct of conductor does not meet the requirement of large amount but meet the requirement of bad circumstances, it constitutes the crime of illegally obtaining computer information system data. If the conduct of the conductor does not meet the requirement of bad circumstances but meet the requirement of large amount, it constitutes the crime of stealing. If the above requirements are not met, the conduct of the conductor does not constitute the two crimes. If the conduct of stealing digital currency of the conductor constitutes the crime of stealing and the crime of illegally obtaining computer information system data at the same time, the relationship between the two crimes is imaginative joinder of offences, and his conduct should be judged as the crime of stealing. In addition, we should also examine whether the conductor concomitantly and independently implemented the conduct of illegally invading into computer information system and the conduct of illegally controlling computer information system beside the conduct of stealing digital currency, if the above conducts are implemented, the whole conducts of the conductor should be considered as the crime of stealing, the crime of illegally invading into computer information system and the crime of illegally controlling computer information system, and the conductor should be given concurrent punishment for these several crimes.
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2025,31(3):272-283, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.zs.2024.12.010
The Chinese path to modernization is a comprehensive development road in which the CPC has led the people to make theoretical innovations and practical breakthroughs in the course of a hundred years of arduous exploration based on the position of the times and in keeping with the times. The originality of the Chinese path to modernization fully demonstrates its theoretical consciousness of the Marxist political economy in terms of political principles, theoretical sublimation and value objectives, and profoundly embodies the rich expression of the Marxist political economy theory of modernization. Compared with the Western modernization, the Chinese path to modernization scientifically applies the theories and methods of Marxist political economy to realize the leapfrog development of social productive forces, the modern construction of social production relations, and the coordinated development of the two reconciliations, reflecting the practical transcendence of Marxist political economy. It has also highlighted the logical interest of Marxist political economy in constructing a holistic civilization, transcending the capital-centrism and breaking the Western monism. On the new journey, profoundly grasping Marxist political economy holds significant and far-reaching theoretical and practical significance for constructing the theoretical system of the Chinese path to modernization, enriching and developing socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics, and unswervingly following the Chinese path to modernization.
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2025,31(3):284-298, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.pj.2024.12.005
In the development process of human society, human emancipation and the emancipation of productive forces have formed a dialectical relationship of mutual promotion and interdependence, promoting the evolution of society to a more advanced form, aiming at realizing the growth of material wealth and the harmony of social relations, and ultimately realizing the goal of common prosperity of all people. In this process, new quality productive forces, as a kind of qualitatively upgraded productive forces, have a distinctive people's orientation, the core essence of which lies in always adhering to taking meeting the people's needs for a better life as the internal driving force, realizing the free and comprehensive development of human beings as the important goal, safeguarding the fairness and justice of society as the pursuit of value, and promoting the harmonious coexistence between man and nature as the core characteristics. However, in the context of new quality productive forces, the realization of the virtuous cycle of human emancipation and productivity emancipation still faces many difficulties. Firstly, the problem of insufficient independent innovation ability is becoming more and more prominent, restricting the breakthrough of high-tech industries and the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries; secondly, the structural shortage of high quality labor force makes it difficult to meet the requirements of the development of new quality productive forces; thirdly, the development of production relations is relatively lagging behind, and the traditional institutional mechanism restricts the full release of productive forces; fourthly, the quality of green development needs to be improved urgently, and the pressure on the sustainable utilization of natural resources and ecological environmental protection continues to increase. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement, increase investment in scientific research, overcome core scientific and technological problems, promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and enhance the country's capability of independent innovation; strengthen the construction of high quality human resources, improve the mechanism for training innovative talents, deepen the reform of the mechanism for the mobility of talents, and cultivate and introduce high-level talents, in order to provide intellectual support for the development of new quality productive forces; deepen the institutional reform, break down institutional barriers, and establish production relations compatible with new quality productivity; accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, enhance the quality of green development, and realize the win-win situation of economic development and ecological protection, so as to promote the benign cycle of the emancipation of human beings and the emancipation of productive forces, and ultimately achieve the comprehensive development of human beings and comprehensive progress of society.
Volume 31,2025 Issue 3
区域开发
社科研究与评价
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Volume 31,2025 Issue 3
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