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2024,30(6):1-11, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2024.09.007
Improving the mechanism for implementing the regional coordinated development strategy is an inevitable requirement and key support for promoting regional coordinated development, and an important link in the march towards Chinese-style modernization. By combing the important discussions of General Secretary Xi Jinping on coordinated regional development since the 18th CPC National Congress and summarizing the achievements of China’s coordinated regional development in the past twelve years, the article finds that the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has followed the objective law to continuously adjust and improve the concepts, mechanisms, and policy systems of regional development, and has made a series of major strategic plans to give full play to the comparative advantages of the regions and to promote the high-quality development of the regional economy. The biggest theoretical achievement is Xi Jinping’s concept of coordinated regional development in the new era, and the biggest practical mark is that China’s coordinated regional development has undergone great changes and made historic achievements. In the new journey, Chinese-style modernization has put forward new requirements and challenges for coordinated regional development. The common prosperity for all is the essential feature of Chinese-style modernization, and regional coordinated development is the inevitable requirement for realizing common prosperity. Improving the strategic mechanism of regional coordinated development should take promoting common prosperity as the core objective. The logic and focus of improving the implementation of the strategic mechanism of regional coordinated development lies in the promotion of the regional economic layout with complementary advantages and high-quality development. Based on the perspective of complementary advantages, coordinated regional development is not only about increasing the total economic volume and optimizing the industrial structure, but also about ensuring that the fruits of development can equitably benefit all people through scientific and reasonable planning and efficient resource allocation, aiming at reasonably distributing the cake. Based on the perspective of high-quality development, regional coordinated development at the macro level goes beyond the single economic growth, but is an all-round change driven by the optimization of economic structure and quality enhancement, aiming at making the cake bigger and better. Cultivating and developing new quality productivity according to local conditions is an important strategy to promote complementary advantages and high-quality development of regional economic layout. On the one hand, the development of new quality productivity not only reflects the further deepening of the region’s original comparative advantages, but also cultivates new comparative advantages for each region. On the other hand, through a new round of technological innovation, the new quality productivity can promote regional development to form new economic growth points and enhance the endogenous growth momentum of the economy. At the same time, the new quality productivity is itself a green productivity, which is an important source of power to enhance the sustainable development of the region.
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2024,30(6):12-25, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2024.10.001
Urbanization is an important support for industrialization and modernization. In the context of further deepening reforms and promoting Chinese-style modernization, the concept of people-centered new urbanization development is bringing about a profound change in the process of Chinese-style modernization. System innovation, institutional innovation and practical innovation are the core spirit of the third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, with the fundamental aim of accelerating the formation of production relations that are more compatible with new quality productive forces through reform. The third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee focused on the need for comprehensive, systematic and integrated reforms in the construction of Chinese-style modernization, and faced with the profound changes in the conditions of socio-economic development and the objective environment, it explored in depth the outstanding institutional problems such as the balance of regional economy, the balance of public products, the fusion of urban and rural governance, and the bi-directional urban-rural interaction. It also systematically demonstrates the necessity and reasonableness of the development logic behind new urbanization and the adjustment of the implementation path. The second urbanization with new urbanization as the carrier will further release the dividends of reform, strengthen the kinetic energy of reform and expand the space for reform in terms of factor flow, public service, social structure and institutional potential. The comprehensive deepening reform of new urbanization is a reshaping and reconstruction of institutions and mechanisms, and the top-level logic has been changed from incentive-based urbanization to inclusive urbanization, so as to analyze and judge, prevent and respond to the risks and challenges that may arise from the increased burden of the costs of urban operation and public products, the insufficiency of urban and rural population relocation and citizenship, the weakening of the comprehensive carrying capacity of small and medium-sized cities and counties, and the lack of harmony and completeness of the integration of production and urbanization. Through integrated systematic reform, new breakthroughs can be made in areas such as public goods, urban-rural connectivity, rights protection, international competition, and regional economic balance. This is of great practical significance for the next stage of improving the institutional mechanism for urban-rural integrated development, promoting the efficient use of urban and rural public resources, and advancing the sustainable development of cities, and will also help to provide theoretical guidance, model reference and policy guidelines for urbanization and modernization in developing countries and regions.
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XIANG Pengcheng, YANG Simai, YUAN Yongqi
2024,30(6):26-40, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2024.09.010
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly proposes to accelerate the construction of a strong transportation country, to further implement the regional coordinated development strategy and to promote the formation of a new pattern for the development of the western region, providing the driving force and fundamental guidelines for the high-quality development of regional mega-transportation infrastructure interconnection (RMII) in the new period. RMII is a typical complex system, driven by both government and market, coordinated development can drive the interaction of regional comparative advantages, regional transportation interconnection division of labor and regional transportation linkage and superimposed collaborative effects, thus driving the system’s continuous dynamic evolution to high-level coordination. As a development requirement of the new era, the coordinated development of RMII in the western region faces three major challenges, such as weak regional comparative advantages, inefficient division of labor in regional transportation interconnection and low degree of regional transportation connection, at the same time of remarkable development. The study suggests that the following paths should be taken to realize the coordinated development of RMII in the western region. Firstly, improving the investment and financing system for regional mega-transportation infrastructure in the western region to enhance regional comparative advantages. It is necessary to improve the investment and financing mechanism, innovate the investment and financing model, and enhance the governance capacity of transportation investment and financing platforms. Secondly, deepening the coordination of stakeholders of RMII in the western region to optimize the division of labor in regional transport interconnection, it should establish an organization for the coordinated development of RMII in the western region, a collaborative system for RMII in the western region, and a benefit-sharing mechanism for stakeholders of RMII in the western region. Thirdly, accelerating the hardware construction of RMII in the western region to strengthen regional transport links, it should strengthen the coordinated hardware construction of mega transport infrastructure, build a channelized, hubbed and systematic mega transport infrastructure network, continuously promote the comprehensive transport development in old revolutionary base areas, ethnic areas, border areas and contiguous areas of dire poverty, and empower traditional transport infrastructure with new infrastructure.
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2024,30(6):41-55, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2024.07.006
China has entered a stage of high-quality development, and unbalanced and inadequate regional development has become a key constraint on high-quality development. Regional coordinated development is a key problem that needs to be solved imminently in the national economic development strategy. Although the Chinese government has implemented such important development strategies as the development of the western region in China, the rise of central China, the revitalization of the northeast, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and ecological conservation and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, the problem of regional development imbalance remains prominent. At present, coordinated regional development faces the following problems: differences in resource endowments are difficult to change in a short time, there is a large gap in regional economic development, the system and mechanism of resource allocation are not perfect, and the industrial development has formed obvious path dependence effect which makes industrial transformation difficult. New quality productive forces are advanced productivity with scientific and technological innovation as the core driving force, with emerging industries and future industries as the basis for production, and with high-quality development as the goal. New productive forces adapt to the new era, new economy and new industries, which play an important role in promoting coordinated regional development. New quality productive forces drive digital technology to achieve revolutionary breakthroughs and innovations, and to achieve the rational flow and optimal allocation of production factors throughout the country, so as to promote the regional balance of regional coordinated development in the age of digital intelligence. Against the backdrop of the rapid advancement of intelligent, digital, and information technologies, new quality productive forces are profoundly integrated with traditional industries, driving the transformation of traditional industries into intelligence-driven, high-end, green, and service-oriented ones, promoting the upgrading and rationalization of industries, and consequently facilitating the industrial synergy for regional coordinated development. New quality productivity, driven by scientific and technological innovation, is conducive to China’s high-quality economic development, which is characterized by low input of factors, high allocative efficiency, low resource consumption, low environmental pressure and good economic benefits, improves productivity and relations of production, and leads to the sustainability of coordinated regional development. By integrating modern information technologies such as artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and cloud computing, new quality productivity builds an intelligent supervision and decision-making platform, provides the strongest brain for social and economic development. It can better solve the contradiction between the overproduction capacity and the shortage of production factors, and promote the equity of regional coordinated development. Therefore, we should focus on the new infrastructure construction, major productive force distribution, the construction of a unified national market, and the improvement of scientific and technological innovation ability, so as to better promote coordinated regional development.
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SHEN Jie, CHANG Zhongze, MAO Pei
2024,30(6):56-71, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2024.09.003
Integrating dispersed and closed regional markets and building a unified and open national market system not only generates greater professional division of labor advantages, improves resource allocation efficiency, but also creates broad market space for industrial development. Can this promote the formation of strategic emerging industries and future industries, and promote the development of new quality productivity? This article is based on provincial-level panel data in China from 2010 to 2022. The entropy method is used to construct new quality productivity indicators from three dimensions: technological productivity, green productivity, and digital productivity. Multiple econometric techniques such as the double fixed effects model, two-stage least squares method, and spatial Durbin model are used to analyze the impact of the construction of a unified national market on the development of new quality productivity. The study finds that, overall, the construction of a unified national market can help improve new quality productivity. After endogeneity testing, and other robustness tests such as replacing core explanatory variables, replacing dependent variables, and deleting special samples, it still holds. The mechanism of action test finds that the construction of a unified large market has expanded market demand, promoted basic research, stimulated entrepreneurial spirit, and further promoted the development of new quality productivity. Heterogeneity analysis reveals significant regional and dimensional heterogeneity in the impact of the construction of a unified national market on the development of new quality productivity. At the regional level, compared to the eastern region, the supportive effect of the unified large market on the development of new quality productivity is more significant in the central and western regions. At the dimensional level, the construction of a unified national market can effectively promote the development of technological and digital productivity, but its impact on green productivity has not yet been apparent. The analysis of spatial spillover effects finds that the unified market not only promotes the development of new quality productivity in the local area, but also promotes the development of new quality productivity in other surrounding areas. The characteristics and innovation of the article are mainly reflected in: 1) Research perspective. Based on the background of the construction of a unified national market, this study examines the impact of the construction of a unified national market on the development of new quality productivity, providing a new perspective supplement for related research. 2) In terms of research content. New quality productivity is the innovation and practice of Marxist productivity theory in China. This article demonstrates the necessity and effectiveness of promoting the improvement of new quality productivity through the construction of a unified large market from both theoretical and empirical perspectives, and further tests the spatial spillover effects of the development of new quality productivity, elevating research on the consequences of a unified large market economy to a new level. 3) At the policy level. Based on three aspects: basic research, market demand, and entrepreneurial spirit, this paper deeply analyzes the mechanism of the unified market’s impact on new quality productivity, and analyzes the path to enhance new quality productivity, which has important policy reference value. This study may deepen the understanding of market-oriented development path of new quality productivity.
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2024,30(6):72-87, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2024.09.004
With the accelerated evolution of the great changes unseen in a century, the impact of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial changes on the mode of production of human society has gradually come to the forefront. To respond to the wave of the times and grasp the historical opportunities, countries are trying their best to seek a new mode of productivity. With this in mind, the concept of new quality productivity is timely, and vigorously developing new quality productivity can provide an important strategic fulcrum for China to shape new advantages in development and cope with external environmental shocks. The construction of data element market, as a key content and key deployment of element market allocation reform, will bring new impetus to the casting of new quality productivity. With the help of the quasi-natural experiment of data trading platform pilot, this article selects the sample data of 277 prefecture-level cities in mainland China from 2011 to 2021, constructs the evaluation index system of new quality productivity based on the dimensions of scientific and technological productivity, green productivity, and digital productivity, and utilizes the multi-period difference-in-differences method to validate the impact of the construction of data element market on new quality productivity and the mechanism of its action. It is found that the construction of data element market significantly promotes the improvement of new quality productivity, and this conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests such as parallel trend test and placebo test. The improvement of new quality productivity by the construction of data element market can be realized through three mechanisms, namely, improving the accumulation of human capital, promoting the upgrading of industrial structure, and increasing the degree of economic agglomeration. The impact of data element market construction is more significant for cities in the east and cities with a higher degree of marketization. The policy effect of data element market construction has significant spatial spillover characteristics, that is, the establishment of data element market in the pilot cities can promote the improvement of new quality productivity in the neighboring cities. Based on the above findings, the article puts forward policy suggestions such as accelerating the construction of data element markets, promoting human capital accumulation, accelerating economic agglomeration, promoting the upgrading of local industries to high value-added fields, and formulating a characteristic development strategy. The innovation of the article is mainly reflected as follows. The pilot policy of data trading platform is regarded as a quasi-natural experiment, and the research perspective is sunk to the level of prefecture-level cities, so as to analyze the impact of data element market construction on new quality productivity with a more detailed scale, which not only supplements the relevant research on the economic consequences of data element market construction, but also enriches the policy toolbox for nurturing new quality productivity. The intrinsic mechanism of data element market construction affecting new quality productivity is discussed from the three perspectives of human capital accumulation effect, industrial structure upgrading effect and economic agglomeration effect, and the heterogeneous impact and spatial spillover effect of data element market construction on the enhancement of new quality productivity are systematically explored, which can provide empirical evidence and policy insights for deepening data element market reform and promoting the development of new quality productivity.
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2024,30(6):88-105, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2024.11.002
Building a unified national market is the intrinsic requirement for developing new quality productivity. What role do new business forms of digital technology play in the process of market construction? This article uses empirical data on the spatial distribution of cooperative enterprises among A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2007 to 2022, and sets up a quasi-natural experiment for the Broadband China policy pilot to systematically estimate the impact of digital technology on the spatial distribution of cooperative enterprises, providing micro evidence from the industrial chain for digital technology to promote market integration construction. Research has found that digital technology drives companies to extend their supply and sales channels beyond the province through two channels: reducing transaction costs and enhancing product competitiveness. Specifically, the policy pilot has led to a 32.75% reduction in local enterprises among the top five suppliers, a 24.45% reduction in local customer enterprises, and an average decrease of 4 and 1.98 percentage points in the proportion of procurement and sales per cooperative enterprise in the province, respectively. This discovery provides systematic evidence for digital new formats to break through spatial limitations and promote market integration between regions from the perspective of the spatial distribution of cooperative enterprises. Further research has found that the positive role of digital new formats in the construction of a unified national market varies with the level of economic development, geographical location changes, and industry characteristics of the city, and is further strengthened with the degree of dependence of enterprises on the industrial chain and the level of division of labor in the chain. The research provides certain insights into the policy practice of reforming production relations. Research suggests that promoting the deep integration of digital technology and enterprises should be an important lever for advancing the construction of a unified national market. To break through the spatial limitations faced by micro entities in the old pattern of productivity, it is necessary to continuously promote the construction of digital infrastructure, improve the relevant systems of digital infrastructure system and data elements.
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2024,30(6):106-120, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.pj.2024.07.002
The third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee pointed out that building a high-level socialist market economy system is an important guarantee for promoting the process of Chinese-style modernization. Based on this, this paper deeply discusses the connotation, characteristics, value implication and practice approach of the high-level socialist market economy system, aiming at responding to the spirit of the third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee and promoting the process of Chinese-style modernization. This paper first reviews the formation and development history of the socialist market economy system, analyzes its theoretical connotation and practical evolution in different stages, and points out that the high-level socialist market economy system is an important achievement of the theoretical and practical innovation of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Then, the paper explains the basic connotation of the high-level socialist market economy system. High-level socialist market economy system not only puts forward higher requirements in terms of the relationship between the government and the market, state-owned economy and private economy, macro-control and national governance, but also emphasizes the harmonious coexistence of public ownership and various ownership economies, the organic combination of market mechanism and government role, and the key role of scientific and technological innovation and digital economy in promoting high-quality economic development. China will legally complete the upgrading of market system and market mechanism by building a national unified large market, promoting the market-oriented reform of factors, and improving the basic system of market economy. The paper also further discusses the value implication of building a high-level socialist market economy, and discusses the practical value of building a high-level socialist market economy from the dialectical relationship between productive forces and production relations, the contradictory movement of economic foundation and superstructure, and the internal relationship between national governance and development. It is pointed out that the production relations under the high-standard market system can provide institutional guarantee for the cultivation of new quality productivity, the optimization of superstructure can provide integrated efficiency for the development of economic foundation, and the modernization of national governance can provide driving force for social development. The importance of political system reform, improvement of legal system, and cultivation and innovation of talents in market mechanism construction enabling productivity development is especially emphasized. Finally, in terms of practical approach, the paper puts forward a series of strategies, such as giving full play to the effectiveness of government governance, establishing a healthy business environment, building a high-standard market system, building a modern innovation system, and building a unified national large market, so as to complement the effectiveness of the state-owned economy and the private economy, promote the optimization of economic structure, the modernization of state governance and macro-control to achieve the landing of a high-level socialist market economy system. This provides theoretical support and policy suggestions for China’s construction of a high-level socialist market economy in the new era, and is conducive to achieving sustained and healthy economic development and all-round social progress.
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DU Junhua, GONG Yu, LI Jingjing
2024,30(6):121-137, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.pj.2024.08.001
Political security is the fundamental issue of national security. Preventing political risks and safeguarding political security are inevitable requirements for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and achieving new victories in comprehensively building a socialist modern country. In the new journey of promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-style modernization, China’s development has entered a period of coexistence of strategic opportunities and risks and challenges, and uncertainties and unpredictable factors are increasing. From the perspective of derivative mechanism, the characteristics of political risk in the perspective of Chinese modernization mainly include its own double-sided and objective nature, its derivative multi-source and potential nature, and the long-term and feasibility nature of its prevention. In addition, the political risk is derived from the endogenous political risk that some members and cadres of the Communist Party of China shake their political beliefs and lose their ideals and beliefs, and the exogenous political risks such as rapid changes in the international situation and widespread awareness of major power competition. According to the review, the main manifestations of political risk from the perspective of Chinese modernization can be summarized into two aspects: the risk of deviation in the direction of political construction and the risk of poor political construction effect. Vague political leadership, lost political belief, weakened political system, shaken political foundation, lack of political ability, and polluted political ecology are the six manifestations. To prevent political risks, we must first clarify the logical starting point of upholding the leadership of the Communist Party of China and upholding the people’s dominant position; establish a response system from the three aspects of accurate perception, scientific prediction, and collaborative prevention; strengthen systematic governance and improve the rule of law system to strictly enforce political discipline and cultivate the political ecological atmosphere; stabilize political belief, stand firm in political position, enhance political ability, and carry forward the spirit of struggle to consolidate political education and ensure unswerving ideological belief. Chinese modernization is the organic unity of Chinese characteristics and the continuous advancement of modernity, and modernization is inevitably accompanied by risks and challenges, and the closer to the realization of the goal of modernization, the more risks and challenges to face. On the road to modernization accompanied by risks and challenges, we should always bear in mind the sense of crisis, seriously implement the overall national security concept, strengthen research and prevention of political risks, and ensure the ruling position of the Communist Party of China and the security of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics.
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YUAN Chuan, ZHANG Ting, DONG Zefang
2024,30(6):138-151, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.pj.2024.04.005
High level talents are the factor of labor force in productivity and the decisive factor in developing new quality productivity. The flow of high-level talents is a resource allocation method presented by labor prices in the process of human resource allocation. Driven by the national Double First-Class policy, the contradiction of imbalanced and insufficient development of universities in the western region is still prominent. The relative shortage of talent resources caused by the pressure of assessment and evaluation based on hard indicators such as doctoral ratio and professor ratio is still severe. Attracting outstanding high-level talents to join has become a key element for universities to win a competitive advantage. This social consensus has prompted universities and research units to adopt a talent poaching model, which has raised questions about the reasonable flow of high-level talents in society. To further explore the influencing factors, intrinsic motivations, and mechanisms of flow intention of high-level talents in universities in the western region of the new era, the study adopts literature review and field research methods. It is found that six main categories, including high expectations for economic benefits, good expectations for scientific research development, reasonable expectations for assessment and evaluation, comprehensive service guarantee expectations, ideal expectations for social adaptation, and expectations for a good talent environment, collectively constitute the influencing factors, and have a significant impact on the flow of high-level talents. Analyzing the deep-seated reasons, it is found that economic treatment directly affects the flow intention, development of scientific research and assessment and evaluation are the internal motivation of high-level talent flow. They directly affect the flow intention of high-level talents, and both reflect the relationship between the flow value and flow intention of high-level talents. Service guarantee, social adaptation and talent environment constitute the internal and external situation of high-level talent flow, which not only indirectly affects the flow intention by affecting the flow value, but also regulates the relationship between the flow value and the flow intention. Therefore, the storyline of direct cause → intrinsic cause (belonging to direct cause) → internal and external situation → flow intention can be used to describe the phenomenon of high-level talent flow intention in universities in the western region, and its core category can be determined as the influence mechanism of high-level talent flow intention in universities in the western region. Therefore, in the perspective of developing new quality productive forces, especially based on the model of high-level talent flow intention in universities in the western region, efforts should be made to reduce the flow intention of high-level talent by focusing on psychological income, building development platforms, improving institutional guarantees, and cultivating emotional identity.
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2024,30(6):152-163, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.pj.2024.11.001
The reform of the salary distribution system for scientific researchers is an important starting point for promoting the coordinated development of education, science and technology, and talent undertakings. As an important salary means for talent incentive in the new era, the annual salary system emphasizes goal and contribution orientation, takes trust as the principle, and has characteristics such as matching rights and responsibilities, equal emphasis on incentive and restraint, facing the future, and having certain flexibility. It can change the traditional way of evaluating talents by one-sided quantification, is conducive to stimulating talent innovation vitality and attracting high-level international talents, and is of great significance for promoting the development of new quality productive forces. Scientific research institutes are an important base for talent team building and the forefront of the development of new quality productive forces, and can be used as a reform pilot for implementing the annual salary system. However, at present, the implementation of the annual salary system in scientific research institutes still faces challenges such as inconsistent concepts, the determination of annual salary level standards easily falling into the old path of traditional assessment and evaluation, policy implementation being restricted by other policies such as post and personnel, and insufficient internal reform enthusiasm of units, which is not conducive to the cultivation and development of new quality productive forces. Through summarizing the experience and practices of the PI annual salary system of the Institute of Biophysics, Beijing, and the multi-level annual salary system of the British Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), it is found that the implementation of the annual salary system in scientific research institutes generally establishes a scientific research evaluation and assessment mechanism that can fluctuate up and down in line with the characteristics of scientific research. At the same time, a strict selection mechanism is formulated for talents eligible for the annual salary system, providing an important reference for the implementation of the annual salary system in scientific research institutes in China in the future. Based on this, this paper proposes an overall reform idea of combining overall promotion with local pilots, macro coordination with micro exploration, and salary reform with scientific research evaluation. And from promoting the establishment of a scientific talent concept and modern salary concept, clarifying the elements of the annual salary system, and accelerating the construction of an annual salary system, it puts forward the reform path for scientific research institutes to implement the annual salary system, to provide policy references for the income distribution reform of scientific research institutes in China in the new era. Specifically, first, it is necessary to promote scientific research institutes to further emancipate their minds and clearly establish the ideological concept that talents are the first strategic resource and innovation is the first driving force for development. Second, it is necessary to clarify the scope of application of the annual salary system and promote the establishment of a scientific and comparable mechanism for determining the annual salary. Third, it is necessary to strengthen multi-departmental coordination, clarify specific opinions and implementation paths for promoting the implementation of the annual salary system in scientific research institutes from aspects such as overall thinking, goal principles, and specific measures. At the same time, a negative list mechanism and integrity restraint system, and a talent selection system should be established.
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2024,30(6):164-174, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.rw.2024.12.003
The artifacts of small-scale societies hold special cultural significance, such as dancer masks, ancestor sculptures, headdresses, and ornate staffs, which displayed in elaborate ritual contexts. These objects become key cultural study texts for anthropologists. How should anthropologists write ethnographies of non-Western small-scale society for artifacts? This is a kind of narrative perspectives and methodologies which regarding non-Western objects. The study of objects in anthropology is termed ethnography of objects. Traditional approaches aim for objective truth, while postmodernism seeks to write culture. In anthropology, ethnography of non-Western objects is aimed to trace the history, meaning, and symbolism carried by these artifacts. It not only writes the objective truth of objects but also provides a thick description of local knowledge. Anthropologists treat objects as cultural texts, exploring their connections to social structures, religious beliefs, and aesthetic concepts, and examining their social life and meanings in cross-cultural contexts. Coevalness is a post-structuralist view of time in anthropology, posits that civilizations are not hierarchically ranked by time periods, viewing primitive and civilized concepts as coeval and equal. This narrative perspective reflects a critique of evolutionism, and emphasizing dynamic studies of non-Western art and the social life of artifacts, also demonstrating an understanding and respect for other cultures. This research proposes an inter-constructive methodology of coevalness and thick description, suitable for ethnographic writing on non-Western artifacts, termed coeval thick description. This method enables a multidimensional ethnography through vertical and horizontal studies, providing a new experimental writing approach for cultural texts. As an experimental ethnographic methodology, coeval thick description not only offers a cultural research methodology for small-scale society artifacts, but also reflects contemporary anthropological thought on object narratives.
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2024,30(6):175-187, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.rw.2024.11.001
Humor is a unique aesthetic category that combines values of both negativity and positivity, and plays a significant role in representing the civilization pattern of a nation. There have long been confusions from cultural others like "do the Chinese have a sense of humor", and local prejudices like "humor is not to be admitted in the hall of great and good taste". They reflect a dual challenge faced by domestic humor researchers, the former concerning the ethnic connotations of Chinese humor, and the latter concerning the level of interpretation. Essentially, the judgment of taste is a problem within the realm of aesthetics, and the rejection of humor in standard culture and its prosperity in folk culture also represent a gap in the aesthetic continuum of humor. Therefore, the study of humor through the lens of aesthetics may help repair the continuum, as well as advance the integration of interpretive levels of various humor theories, becoming a feasible way to rehabilitate Chinese humor. The Analects fortnightly, edited by Lin Yutang et al., is the first humor magazine in China. It not only gathers humorous works at all times and in all countries, but also gives the initial Chinese interpretations and conceptions of modern humor. From its first to its last issue, The Analects has published over 70 articles discussing humor, which constitute a relatively comprehensive system of interpretation covering the connotation, types, functions, the cognitive mechanism, as well as the creation and appreciation of humor. This article sorts out and analyzes these contents, and finds that: The Analects’ advocacy for humor actually transcends the domain of literature and should be seen more as a new philosophy of life born out of the mutual learning of civilizations. And this new philosophy is aesthetic at the core, obtaining its modernity from German classical philosophy, voluntarism, psychological aesthetics, psychoanalysis, expressionist aesthetics, and historical materialist aesthetics. Simultaneously, it inherits the spirit of Chinese traditional culture and exhibits charms of respecting emotions and facts, being proactive while prudent, extolling and criticizing, uniting beauty and goodness, emulating laws of nature and valuing authenticity, and pursuing harmony between mind and circumstance. It cares more about how to achieve a responsible leisure, conveying an ideal of maximizing the experience of being in the world in a dignified and sublime way.
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2024,30(6):188-196, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.rw.2024.11.002
Official interpretation of Confucian classics is a scholarly document that interprets Confucian classics in the form of official interpretation. During the Ming Dynasty, the central government was highly centralized, the compilation background, connotation, and ideological characteristics of the Ming Dynasty’s official interpretation of the classics reflect the cultural choices and political orientation of a dynasty. The official interpretation of Confucian classics and documents in the Ming Dynasty is not only an important source of information for explaining the policies of Confucian studies, but also an important witness to the inheritance and limitations of the official interpretation of Confucian classics in the Ming Dynasty. The issuance of official interpretations of Confucian classics during the Ming Dynasty led to the dominance of Cheng Zhu Neo Confucianism in the study of classics. The promotion of popularization and accessibility in the official interpretation of classics objectively promoted the dissemination of Confucian classics and the popularization of Confucian education. The official interpretation of Confucian literature represents the characteristics of cultural integration and ideological limitations in the Ming Dynasty, which had a significant impact in the field of Confucian studies, reflecting the highly centralized central government’s intervention in Confucian scholarship and control over the ideological sphere. The official Confucian classics of the Ming Dynasty reflected the academic orientation of respecting Cheng Zhu Neo Confucianism, as well as the political demand to consolidate rule and maintain people’s hearts, while the official Confucian classics of the Ming Dynasty embodied the inheritance of the spirit of applying the classics to the world since the Song and Yuan dynasties. The private writings on Confucian classics in the mid to late Ming Dynasty had both academic and governing functions, and were also the inheritance of Confucian scholarship and the practice of Confucian scholarship in governing. They highlighted the cultural significance of the transformation of Confucian classics under the influence of official Confucian scholars in the Ming Dynasty, vividly reflecting the interactive relationship and balance between the academic study of the classics and the imperial examination system. The inheritance and limitations of the Ming Dynasty’s official interpretation of the Confucian classics objectively influenced the direction and process of the development of Confucian classics, and also served as the deep root of the reactionary views of scholars towards Song studies in the mid to late Ming Dynasty and evolution of Confucian classics studies. More discourse on Confucian classics was integrated into annotations and reconciliations based on literature, thus expanding new perspectives on Confucian studies. A reexamination of the academic atmosphere of the Ming Dynasty reveals the important dimensions of the inheritance and limitations of the Ming Dynasty’s official interpretation of the Confucian classics, which conveys the new academic changes in the process of the rise and fall of academic atmosphere, and is beneficial for deepening the research on the Ming Dynasty’s official Confucian classics.
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2024,30(6):197-211, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.fx.2024.07.03
The right to identity and the right to personality together form a complete system of personal rights, which is indispensable for realizing the value, dignity and freedom of civil subjects. However, compared with the independent compilation of the right to personality, the systematization of the right to identity has made limited progress, which is still scattered in the compilation of general principles, marriage and family, and other laws, and has not yet completed the task of confirming the right. Under such legislative arrangements, in order to alleviate the shortcomings in the supply of legal sources and the insufficient density of norms, Article 1001 of the Civil Code was born. Marriage and family are the basic context of identity rights, and identity rights that are not related to ethical identity relations are not the identity rights referred to in this article. The logical premise for the protection of identity rights by referring to applicable provisions of the protection of personality rights is that there is no provision in the identity law, which can be clarified by a comprehensive list of the existing provisions in the written law and a typical induction of the filling of loopholes in judicial practice. The identity rights stipulated in the statutory law can be divided into four categories based on the different orientations of identity interests: altruistic rights, mutually beneficial rights, beneficial rights and common benefit rights. The lack of provisions in the identity law in the judge’s vision can be divided into two categories: based on legislative consciousness and based on legislative omissions. It should be very cautious when referring to the provisions on the protection of personality rights in the former situation. The key nature of judging whether can apply with reference to the protection provisions of personality rights is the strength of the absolute right attribute of identity rights. As for promoting socialist core values, maintaining public order and good customs, and protecting the interests of vulnerable groups, they can only demonstrate the need to protect identity rights in value judgments, but cannot demonstrate that it is necessary to refer to the protection of personality rights. Therefore, it can only be grasped as an important property. The lack of external publicity means and the strong internal relativity of identity rights affect the strength of the absolute right attribute of identity rights, which makes it impossible to describe the moral character of identity rights from a static dimension. We should focus on the relevance of the relief rights of identity rights and the relief rights of personality rights in the context of protection. The provisions on the protection of personality rights include not only those in the compilation of personality rights, but also those in the compilation of tort liability. However, the application of the relevant provisions of tort liability must be premised on the application of Article 1001 of the Civil Code. In addition to the provisions on methods of bearing civil liability for personality rights, compensation for moral damages, and non-transferability and inheritance of personality rights, the provisions on determination of civil liability for infringement of personality rights, non-application of limitations of action, injunctions on personality rights, and compensation for moral damages for breach of contract may also be referred to for the protection of identity rights.
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2024,30(6):212-224, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.fx.2021.04.002
In the era of ecological civilization construction, ecological compensation system is one of the most important systems among many environmental legal systems, which appears not only in the form of ecological compensation system policy, but also in the form of ecological compensation system law. Comprehensively reviewing the development process, current situation, and future development of the ecological compensation system, and examining from the dual perspective of policy and law, it can be found that the ecological compensation system has experienced a development process from pilot policy, legalization, to policy and law synergy. First, based on the adaptability and innovation of policy in gradual institutional change, the efficiency and diversity of policy under pragmatism, and the trial-and-error nature and flexibility of policy in the early stage of institutional implementation, the ecological compensation system is developed in the form of policy pilot, with policy as the basis. Second, through policy pilot, the ecological compensation system becomes increasingly mature, and gradually toward policy legalization. Examining the reasons, the policy legalization of ecological compensation system is the requirement and choice of inclusive system and system legalization. How to realize policy legalization of the ecological compensation system, specifically, a typed method needs to be adopted to divide policies into creative policies and implementing policies. Then through a two-way interaction mode, the top-down and bottom-up approaches can be taken for policy (creative policy) legalization. On this basis, the ecological compensation legislation in the future should be a systematic legal structure, including its basis in the Constitution, the ecological compensation system in comprehensive environmental protection law, special ecological compensation legislation, separate ecological compensation legislation and related ecological compensation legislation. Finally, according to the choice of formal institutional development under the new institutional economics and the requirement of mutual assistance and self-sufficiency of politics and law under the social system theory, the future development of the ecological compensation system inevitably need policy (implementing policy) and law synergy, to ensure its good operation. It is to meet the requirements of ecological civilization system construction, realize the dynamic development and constantly improvement of ecological compensation system, meet the needs of economic and social development, and enhance the adaptation of ecological compensation system.
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2024,30(6):225-237, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.fx.2024.01.001
The third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee clearly stated that,regional cooperative legislation should be explored.Regional cooperative legislation is an important institutional innovation for the in-depth implementation of the strategy of coordinated regional development in the new era. Although the text of the Constitution does not explicitly use the concept of regional cooperative legislation, the obligation of the state to guarantee coordinated regional development, as interpreted in its preamble and general programme, can provide a constitutional basis for regional cooperative legislation. Central legislation has responded to the needs of practice timely, with amendments to the Organic Law of Local People’s Congresses and Local People’s Governments in 2022 and to the Legislation Law in 2023, which added relevant provisions and provided a general legality basis for regional cooperative legislation. A large number of policy documents, as well as the practical need for high-quality and efficient handling of cross-regional affairs, have also provided sufficient basis for the practice of regional cooperative legislation. The theoretical basis of regional cooperative legislation has been proved in the dimensions of constitutionality, legality, compatibility with policy and factuality. In practice, regional cooperative legislation by local people’s congresses not only fully exploit the innovation potential of local legislation, but also inevitably face a real dilemma in the case of insufficient operational legal basis, faced with insufficient modelling, understanding bias of cooperation, and insufficient rigidity in the effectiveness of legislative achievements. The reasons lie mainly in the unequal substantive status of local people’s congresses, insufficient public participation in the legislative process, and imperfect mechanisms for cooperative legislation. And the essential reason lies in the game of interests. It is necessary to break the traditional regional and hierarchical concepts by introducing the perspective of new regionalism, to promote the formation of a mutually beneficial relationship model between localities on the basis of cooperation, to establish a regional view of overall interests in regional cooperative legislation, and to seek a legislation consensus beyond local interests. On the basis of conceptual optimization, rational negotiation is used as the basic method to weigh the interests of local people’s congresses. The deepening of public participation is taken as a priority, and the multi-level participation of the public in regional cooperative legislation is strengthened in terms of public participation awareness, participation capacity, participation mode and participation degree, so as to seek the greatest common denominator among the interests of various subjects and effectively solve regional public problems. At the mechanism level, it seeks to improve the overall systematic improvement of the operation mechanism and safeguard mechanism. In the operation mechanism, the process should be clearly defined, and cooperation should be reflected in all process of the legislation, so as to prevent it from being reduced to a mere formality. In the safeguard mechanism, through optimizing the multi-level joint meeting system, setting up a regular information exchange platform, exploring the establishment of a compensation mechanism for benefits, and linking up the performance assessment mechanism, safeguards have been provided to ensure the function of regional cooperative legislation.
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2024,30(6):238-249, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.fx.2024.05.01
The rapid development of artificial intelligence technology and the occurrence of automatic driving accidents have led to a discussion on the issue of criminal liability in automatic driving accidents, involving the subject of criminal liability, the nature of the crime of negligence, and the duty of care, which is worthy of in-depth study. Automatic driving technology can be classified as simple automation, partial automation, high automation, and full automation. In the case of simple automation and partial automation, the criminal liability for traffic accidents involving self-driving cars is not different from that of ordinary traffic accidents, and there is no need for a separate discussion. In the case of high automation and full automation, the driver of a self-driving car becomes a user of the product because he is restricted from participating in driving operations. As a weak artificial intelligence product, self-driving cars cannot become the subject of criminal liability. Users of self-driving cars are not completely exempt from road traffic safety responsibilities. The developer of self-driving cars needs to bear the criminal liability of the product, and the criminal liability of the product in this case includes the responsibility for road traffic safety. Under China’s criminal law system, negligence and intent are two parallel subjective psychological attitudes, and the new negligence theory’s understanding of negligence crime does not conform to the existing criminal law provisions. The crime of negligence is not an abstract foreseeable possibility as the old negligence theory suggests. The overconfident negligence in China’s criminal law is the actor’s failure to perform the obligation to avoid the result when he foresees the result, and the negligence is the actor’s failure to perform the obligation to foresee the result when there is a possibility of foreseeing. In an automatic driving accident, if the user violates the obligation to cooperate with and ensure the normal operation of the self-driving system, resulting in the occurrence of harmful results, the crime of negligence is established. If the user is not obligated to operate, he or she is not subject to criminal liability. The user’s duty of care is derived from the precedent law, but not all the obligations stipulated in the precedent law can become the duty of care for negligence crimes. If the developer violates the obligation to foresee the consequences of ensuring road traffic safety, resulting in the occurrence of harmful results, it needs to bear the responsibility for the accident. The self-driving system has not been out of the control of the developer after it has been put into use, so the nature of product liability borne by the developer of the self-driving car is different from that of the ordinary car developer, and the liability for the accident of the original car driver is transferred to the developer. Although the obligation to foresee the results is subjective, in the process of actually judging whether the developer has violated the obligation to foresee the results, a relatively objective standard is required as a reference, that is, the scientific and technological capabilities at the time of the development of the self-driving car. The existence of algorithmic black boxes in automatic driving systems should not be a reason to deny the developer’s obligation to foresee or avoid results.
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2024,30(6):250-262, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.fx.2022.09.001
The advent of electronic data has changed the application of traditional search and seizure, the way of search firstly and then seizure has been unable to effectively respond to electronic data collection activities. In order to protect the authenticity and integrity of electronic data, China’s relevant electronic data collection norms provide that "the original storage medium of electronic data should be seized in principle if it could be seized". In judicial practice, investigators often understand it as "if the storage medium could be seized, electronic data storage medium should be seized in principle". This leads to the requirements originally aimed at the integrity and authenticity of electronic data becoming the basis for authorizing investigators to carry out "general seizures". General seizure firstly and then search comprehensively has become the practice norm for electronic data collection. Although general collection can effectively respond to the many challenges posed by electronic data investigation practice, freedom from arbitrary search and seizure is a fundamental right enjoyed by citizens in criminal proceedings. The emergence of general collection will inevitably lead to the contradiction between the method of electronic data collection and the specificity of search and seizure objects. In comparative jurisdictions, Japanese and American criminal proceedings have formed two reform programs by their different understanding of the concepts of search and seizure: one is restricting general seizure and another is restricting general search. The former insists on the role of physical standards in limiting electronic data collection, and advocates that investigators’ seizures in physical space should be restricted. This can protect the property rights of data holders and also maintain the basic position that search and seizure should be public investigative measures. The latter attaches importance to the authorizing and regulating function of prior warrant review on investigative measures. As long as the investigative act meets the criteria of search and seizure, it can be given legitimacy by a neutral judge issuing a warrant for search and seizure, which is not directly related to whether its objects are tangible or intangible. Limiting general search can not only protect the privacy of data holders from excessive infringement, but also deter illegal investigation behaviors through the sanctioning consequences of excluding illegal evidence. How to limit the scope of electronic data search and seizure is a difficult problem that must be faced in the legal process of China’s investigation procedures. At the normative level, the current procedural rules of electronic data collection have not yet received due attention. In this regard, China needs to clarify the relationship between electronic data search and seizure and traditional search and seizure, and construct electronic data collection procedures with emphasis on limiting general seizure. Specific distinction should be made between the relevance of the carrier and the relevance of electronic data, and the obligation to assist in the investigation of electronic data access should be clarified, with emphasis on safeguarding the right of data holders to be present or to be informed afterwards.
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2024,30(6):263-272, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.fx.2023.11.001
ChatGPT-like system refers to the content-generating artificial intelligence (AIGC) represented by ChatGPT, which combines generative pre-training with algorithmic language conversion. ChatGPT-like system not only promotes the development of human society, but also brings criminal risks. When ChatGPT-like systems obtain corresponding information to generate certain content, it is easy to break away from human control and intervention and improperly infringe on the confidentiality of other data. At the same time, if the content generated by ChatGPT-like system contains illegal and criminal information, or users improperly use the information generated by ChatGPT-like system, it may also involve corresponding criminal risks. However, ChatGPT-like system does not have the qualification of the subject of criminal responsibility, that is, the subject that may ultimately bear criminal responsibility is not ChatGPT-like system, but the developer or user related to it. In the development and use of ChatGPT-like system, to prevent technical risks and make the technology "good", the developers should fulfill the obligations as guarantors, foresee the possible harmful results caused by ChatGPT-like system as much as possible, and take corresponding countermeasures to prevent them. Users should not intentionally induce ChatGPT-like system to break through the ethical and legal bottom line and output illegal and criminal information. If the developer fails to foresee and prevent ChatGPT-like system from outputting illegal and criminal information to the greatest extent, or the user intentionally induces ChatGPT-like system to output illegal and criminal information, he shall bear corresponding criminal responsibility. From the macro level, when regulating criminal risks involved in ChatGPT-like system, the criminal law principle of modesty should be observed to avoid hindering technological innovation and development. From the micro level, in view of the content and characteristics of criminal risks in ChatGPT-like systems, it is necessary to construct a hierarchical governance mechanism: develop and implement compliance plans through ChatGPT-like system research and development enterprises, and explore preventive governance strategies for the criminal risks; strengthen administrative supervision, and integrate scientific and technological supervision means into administrative supervision system, to reduce the possibility of criminal risks; the use of criminal governance measures must strictly adhere to the precondition that prior legal and regulatory provisions are ineffective, the assessment of criminal illegality must be conducted within the framework of the principle of legality in criminal law, and administrative illegality should not be used to replace criminal illegality.
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2024,30(6):273-285, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.zs.2024.09.001
The Third Plenary Session of the Twentieth Central Committee of the CPC launched the historical process of further deepening reforms in an all-round manner and pushing forward Chinese-style modernization, mapped out a grand blueprint for comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-style modernization, and pointed out a new direction for promoting cultural prosperity, constructing a cultural powerhouse, and fostering the innovative development of Chinese civilization. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture is a profound summary of the laws of socialist cultural construction and the development of human civilization, providing fundamental guidelines and scientific guidance for the innovative development of Chinese civilization. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture leads the innovative development and construction of Chinese civilization, insisting on not forgetting the past, absorbing the present and facing the future, and correctly handling the dialectical relationship between tradition and modernity, and between the local and the foreign, in the course of further promoting the "two combinations". From a historical perspective, Chinese civilization is a form of civilization that is constantly evolving on the basis of the continuation of traditional civilizations, and the continuous nature of civilization requires that it always follows its own path by observing and innovating; From a global perspective, Chinese civilization is a form of civilization formed through continuous exchanges and mutual learning with other civilizations, and the inclusive nature of civilization requires openness and tolerance and the consolidation of cultural subjectivity, so as to draw on and absorb all the outstanding civilizational achievements of humankind; From the perspective of modernization, Chinese civilization is a form of civilization that has achieved modernisation and transformation on the basis of Chinese-style modernization, and the innovative nature of civilization requires that Chinese-style modernization should continuously open up new paths and follow the trend of the development of human civilization, so as to promote the regaining of Chinese civilization’s glory.
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2024,30(6):286-300, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.zs.2024.11.002
The modernization of community governance is the cornerstone of the modernization of national governance system and capacity. Focusing on community governance can observe the overall changes in the relationship between the state and society, and embed the path paradigm of resilient communities in the perspective of community governance goals. China’s community governance faces such practical problems as the lack of cooperative resilience for coordinated development, the lack of resilience in public space, the difficulty in improving the organizational resilience of community members, the lack of improvement in the institutional resilience governance system of communities, and the insufficient division of labor in the segmentation of community resilience governance. In view of these practical problems, from the functional perspective of the linkage of five social groups, it can play a leading role in building cooperation mechanisms to solve difficult coordination problems; combine internal and external paths, expand resource channels, and solve the problem of single resource allocation; perfect volunteer service, form volunteer culture, solve the problem of insufficient initiative; use professional ability to build promotion channels to solve the problem of low governance efficiency; carry out project-based resilience governance and fine management to solve the problem of rough project management. Selecting four well-known communities in the construction of resilient communities in the country for analysis, we find that there are currently obstacles such as the lack of overall planning mechanism for multi-subject promotion of resilient community governance, the lack of long-term effectiveness of linkage of five social groups to promote resilient community construction, the deviation of multi-subject demand and lack of autonomy, and the insufficient linkage of five social groups to promote resilience community construction. To this end, it is necessary to build an overall coordination mechanism of street-the two committees of a community-multiple subjects; help to refine the division of labor in the construction of resilience, and build a sustainable and professional mechanism; improve the system of demand expression and induction, and build a mechanism for driving consultation; clarify the governance differences in time and space, realize the four-in-one mechanism of the five social groups’ linkage to promote the construction of resilient communities, and give full play to the five social groups’ linkage to solve the problems faced. It is to improve the Chinese-style community governance system and the efficiency of community governance, meet the diverse needs of community members, ensure a long-term community governance, and maximize the effectiveness of community governance.
Volume 30,2024 Issue 6
区域开发
社科研究与评价
人文论坛
法学研究
政治建设与社会治理
Volume 30,2024 Issue 6
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