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2025,31(1):1-16, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2024.10.003
Urban-rural integrated development is a key initiative to crack the urban-rural dual structure and promote coordinated regional development, but it still faces challenges such as the uneven distribution of urban and rural resources, excessive infrastructure gaps and poor factor flows. How to promote high-quality integrated development of urban and rural areas has become a realistic problem that needs to be solved urgently in the construction of Chinese-style modernization. The essence of new quality productivity is advanced productivity, and its formation and development will profoundly reshape urban-rural relations and have an important impact on urban-rural integrated development. It is of great significance to explore the realistic path of new quality productivity to help urban-rural integrated development and to realize high-quality economic development. The article constructs a municipal new quality productivity evaluation index system covering three dimensions of scientific and technological productivity, green productivity and digital productivity, and utilizes the entropy method to measure the level of new quality productivity of 275 cities in China from 2011 to 2021, and examines the impact of new quality productivity on urban-rural integrated development and its mechanism. It is found that new quality productivity can significantly promote the development of urban-rural integration, and this conclusion still holds after the endogeneity test and a series of robustness tests. Mechanism analysis shows that new quality productivity can promote urban-rural integrated development through two important channels, namely, enhancing employment quality and improving entrepreneurial vitality. Threshold regression results show that under the threshold conditions of efficient market and active government, the impact of new quality productivity on urban-rural integrated development is characterized by positive and increasing marginal effects. Further analysis reveals that the effect of new quality productivity on urban-rural integration is more significant in the eastern region. Accordingly, we propose the following policy recommendations: accelerate the development of new quality productivity and pay attention to the powerful role of new quality productivity in urban-rural integrated development; explore multi-dimensional urban-rural integrated development driving paths to maximize the activation of the development potential of new quality productivity; give full play to the roles of effective market and active government to create a favorable development environment for new quality productivity; follow the comparative advantages of the regions, and implement differentiated development strategy of new quality productivity in accordance with local conditions.
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LI Chenglong, ZHOU Hong, ZHANG Liang
2025,31(1):17-34, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2024.09.009
The third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China points out that the integrated development of urban and rural areas is an inevitable requirement of Chinese path to modernization. Promoting the integrated development of urban and rural areas is an important element of promoting all-around rural revitalization, and it is also an important path to building a unified national market. The integrated development of urban and rural areas requires breaking down a series of institutional barriers and promoting the orderly flow of urban and rural factors. The rapid rise and prosperity of the digital economy provide new opportunities for the integrated development of urban and rural areas. Exploring the impact of digital economy on the integrated development of urban and rural areas has important theoretical and practical significance. This article focuses on the upgrading of industrial structure, marketization process, and equalization of basic public services. Through mathematical analysis, it clarifies their inherent mechanisms, enriches existing research, and provides empirical evidence. Firstly, based on China's inter-provincial panel data from 2011 to 2020, the article constructs an evaluation system of relevant indicators, measures the development level of provincial digital economy and urban-rural integrated using the entropy method, and explores its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics using Kernel density estimation method. The results show that in general, the level of digital economy and urban-rural integrated development is showing a continuous upward trend, but there is a regional imbalance in the degree and speed of development. The level of digital economy is showing a multipolar trend among regions, while the gradient effect of urban-rural integrated development between regions continues to strengthen. Secondly, the article uses empirical methods to examine the impact of digital economy on the integrated development of urban and rural areas, and explores the path of the impact. Results show that, firstly, digital economy can significantly promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas, but the degree of impact varies regionally. The impact of digital economy on the integrated development of urban and rural areas in the western region is higher than that in other regions, and has no significant impact on the northeast region. Secondly, digital economy can affect the level of urban-rural integrated development by promoting industrial structure upgrading, advancing marketization processes, and promoting equalization of basic public services. Finally, the article analyzes the spatial effects of digital economy on urban-rural integrated development. Using the global Moran's I index, the spatial correlation test results based on the economic distance matrix show that there is a significant spatial correlation between digital economy and the integrated development of urban and rural areas. The spatial spillover effect test results based on adjacency matrix, inverse distance matrix, and economic distance matrix show that the improvement of digital economy level has a positive impact on local urban-rural integration, but has a negative spillover effect on neighboring areas. Research suggests that in order to effectively leverage the role of digital economy in promoting urban-rural integration, relevant policy measures should be implemented in areas such as formulating differentiated digital economy and urban-rural development policies, accelerating the construction of digital infrastructure, breaking down factor barriers to promote orderly flow of urban-rural factors, and optimizing the allocation of digital economic resources.
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WANG Guiqin, ZENG Zhenni, XU Wenting
2025,31(1):35-45, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2024.09.006
The third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has put forward new requirements for the integrated development of urban and rural areas. With the deepening of the urban-rural integration strategy and the arrival of the comprehensive leisure era, the planning of leisure oriented rural public spaces is facing significant development opportunities. Oriented towards the practical needs of the development of leisure oriented rural public spaces, by introducing Lefebvre's theory of spatial production and using the framework of dialectical analysis, this paper deconstructs and analyzes the logical relationship between dialectical theory of space and rural public space planning from the three levels of spatial practice, representations of spaces, and representational spaces, discusses the interpretation of spatial planning from the perspective of tripartite dialectical theory and the practical guidance significance of tripartite dialectical theory for spatial planning, and analyzes the development strategies of leisure oriented rural public spaces from the perspective of planning and design, elaborates on the spatial planning strategies for aesthetic soothing leisure spaces with natural scenery and cultural heritage as elements, entertainment experiential leisure spaces with the purpose of relaxation and enjoyment, and social gathering leisure spaces with family and friendship as the main tone. The construction of aesthetic soothing leisure spaces based on natural scenery and cultural heritage is mainly reflected in optimizing the original ecological space foundation, emphasizing the coordination of local landscape resources and driven by the concept of leisure, shaping the thematic form of rural public spaces. The planning of entertainment experiential leisure spaces with a relaxed and enjoyable experience is mainly reflected in the systematic integration of entertainment resources, the creation of rural entertainment experience brands, and the balanced development of commercialization and authenticity of rural public spaces. The planning of social gathering leisure spaces based on family and friendship is mainly reflected in two dimensions: exploring regional cultural characteristics to shape the spiritual core of rural spatial planning, and increasing the construction of governance systems to ensure a balance of diverse social interests. The study proposes that in the context of urban-rural integration, the planning of rural leisure public spaces is influenced by a comprehensive combination of institutional, capital, social, and cultural factors. The proposal of a leisure oriented rural public space planning strategy based on spatial dialectics has important practical guidance value for meeting the demands of various social forces such as rural elites, farmers, planners, capital, and tourists for rural public spaces. In response to the problems and challenges faced by rural leisure public spaces under the tripartite dialectical logic, promoting the healthy development of rural leisure public spaces requires the construction of a collaborative development mechanism of spatial practice, representations of spaces, and representational spaces, ultimately achieving organic collaborative development. The mechanism and strategy analysis of the article can help guide the healthy development of leisure oriented rural public spaces, ultimately achieving the dual goals of optimizing rural environment and promoting rural economic development.
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2025,31(1):46-62, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2024.01.004
Population is a fundamental, long-term and strategic element for the development of the country, society and nation. Reasonable population distribution, high-quality human capital, and abundant working-age population will form a situation conducive to the investment and consumption of high-speed economic growth, create a demographic window of opportunity, and enhance the city's ability to bear risks and restore the economy. Currently, China's population is experiencing a transition from a continuous increase in the total amount of population to a continuous decrease, and the quality of the population is changing from the overall low level of education and short life expectancy to the massification of higher education and longevity. On the basis of discussing the intrinsic mechanism of the impact of the demographic dividend and human capital dividend on urban economic resilience, this paper uses the panel data of 272 cities in the period of 2010-2021, and makes an empirical analysis of the direct and indirect effects of demographic dividend and human capital dividend on urban economic resilience. The study finds that human capital dividend can significantly enhance urban economic resilience, while the effect of the demographic dividend is not obvious. The results of the heterogeneity test show that there is no obvious urban heterogeneity in the impact of demographic dividend, and the economic resilience enhancement of any type of cities is not prominent. While the effect of human capital dividend on the enhancement of urban economic resilience is more obvious in the cities in the southeast area of Hu Huanyong line, inland cities, and cities with relatively low levels of economic development, and the effect on the rest of the cities is weaker. The results of the test of the mechanism of the role show that the construction of information infrastructure effectively improves the enhancement of quality of population utilization efficiency on urban economic resilience, while the effect brought by the construction of transportation infrastructure is not obvious, and even there is a tendency to weaken the quality of population utilization efficiency to enhance urban economic resilience, at the same time, there is a significant mediating role of labor productivity in the impact of quality of population utilization efficiency on urban economic resilience. Further research finds that there is a threshold effect of population agglomeration in the impact of quality of population utilization efficiency on urban economic resilience, and the positive impact of population utilization efficiency on urban economic resilience will be weakened after crossing the threshold. Based on the above findings, the article believes that it is necessary to strengthen the construction of public health system, continuously optimize the layout of medical and health resources, and comprehensively improve the capacity of medical and health services; strengthen the construction of information infrastructure and promote its extension to the west and other border areas, and strive to play the role of informatization in promoting the flow of information elements and broadening the channels for laborers to obtain employment information; formulate talent policies in accordance with the local conditions to let talents stay and work well, fully releasing the dividend of talent, and providing sustained human capital for cities to withstand external shocks and recover their economies.
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2025,31(1):63-78, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2024.11.007
In the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping made a major strategic plan for urban construction in the new era, pointing out that it is necessary to build livable, resilient and smart cities, and establish high-quality urban ecosystems and safety systems. Economic resilience is the key ability of an economy to maintain economic security and achieve sustainable economic development. It plays an important role in building resilient city and maintaining urban economic security. As a key link in China's financial reform, the national pilot zone for financial reform is conducive to strengthening the ability that finance serves real economy and forestalling financial risks, and plays an important role in improving economic resilience. It also has great significance for building the resilient city and achieving sustained, stable and healthy development of China's economy. This paper regards the establishment of the national pilot zone for financial reform as a quasi-natural experiment, and attempts to incorporate financial reform policy and urban economic resilience into one analytical framework. Based on the panel data of 277 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2020, this paper uses the multi-period DID model to examine the impact and its mechanism of financial reform policy on urban economic resilience. At the same time, this paper further discusses the differences in the effects of financial reform policy on cities of different sizes and different geographical location. The results show that the financial reform policy has significantly improved the urban economic resilience, and the conclusion is still valid after considering the superposed impact about the policy of smart city construction, innovative city pilot and low-carbon city. Robustness tests such as parallel trend test, placebo test, treatment of endogeneity, replacement of explanatory variables and change time window further confirm the reliability of the conclusions. Mechanism test shows that the policy effect of financial reform policy on urban economic resilience is achieved by enhancing credit availability and improving capital allocation efficiency. From the perspective of heterogeneity, compared with larger-scale cities and southern cities, financial reform policy has a stronger policy effect on smaller-scale cities and northern cities. Therefore, this paper suggests to build more distinctive and fully functional national pilot zone for financial reform, further expand the radiation scope of the national pilot zone for financial reform to promote the economic resilience of the pilot cities and surrounding cities. This paper also suggests to establish a long-term mechanism to enhance credit availability and capital allocation efficiency. With the help of administrative and financial means, local government should give full play to the positive role of credit availability and capital allocation efficiency in the process of financial reform policy affecting urban economic resilience. Finally, it should increase the policy resources of smaller and northern cities. For example, increasing the number of national pilot zone for financial reform in the above areas, optimizing the local financial supply structure and capital market environment, and improving the local government's ability to guide the economy, so as to enhance the urban economic resilience.
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SUN Bowen, YANG Xiaofei, SU Xin
2025,31(1):79-99, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2024.09.005
Accelerating the synergy between digitalization and green transformation is an intrinsic requirement for high-quality development and an important pathway for constructing a digital ecological civilization. A pressing question is whether digital economy policies are facilitating digitalization while simultaneously achieving regional green transformation. This study constructs evaluation indices for digitalization and green transformation at the provincial level in China. Based on a coupling and coordination model, the study calculates the digitalization-greenization synergism development index (DGSDI) for 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2020, analyzing its variation characteristics and regional differences. Additionally, employing a quasi-natural experiment of national big data comprehensive pilot zones, the study empirically tests whether digital economy policies have achieved synergistic development in digitalization and green transformation and delves into their internal mechanisms and heterogeneity. The findings reveal: 1) Both digitalization and green transformation levels in provinces have improved annually, yet the overall levels remain low with clear regional disparities. The synergistic development level of digitalization and green transformation has continuously increased, yet it remains low overall. Only Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, and Jiangsu have a coupling coordination degree above 0.7, reaching a moderate coordination level, while 22 other provinces have a degree below 0.5, not reaching the coordination level.2) The establishment of big data pilot zones significantly promotes the levels of digitalization, green transformation, and their synergistic development.3) Mechanism testing shows that: firstly, big data pilot zones have promoted provincial-level digital development through two channels: digital industrialization and industrial digitization, promoting green development through green innovation. Secondly, there exists a circular and mutually reinforcing mechanism between digitalization and greening, which is the underlying logic of the coordinated development of digitalization and greening. Specifically, digitalization empowers greening by promoting green innovation and production through digital infrastructure construction, as well as the positive role of digital innovation capabilities in promoting green innovation; Greening driven digitization is achieved through the demand driven effect of green innovation on digital infrastructure and digital technology. Thirdly, big data pilot zones have strengthened the digital effect of green development, but has not strengthened the green effect of digital development. The reason is that big data pilot zones have improved green innovation capabilities, thereby stimulating demand for digital infrastructure and technology, and enhancing the traction effect of green development on digital development; However, due to the failure of digital industrialization and industrial digitization to promote the green transformation of production, big data pilot zones have failed to strengthen the empowering effect of digital development on green development.4) Heterogeneity analysis shows that in regions with stronger knowledge absorption capacity and higher levels of industrial structure upgrading, the construction of big data pilot zones has a more significant promoting effect on the collaborative development of digital and green development.
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2025,31(1):100-116, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.jg.2024.10.004
As digital economy becomes a trend to achieve high-quality economic development and green low-carbon transformation, digital infrastructure also rises to the level of national strategy. In this context, in-depth exploration of the intrinsic impact mechanism of digital infrastructure on carbon emissions, and systematic analysis of whether the Broadband China policy has dynamic sustainability and spatial spillover effects from theoretical and empirical perspectives are of great practical significance for the further implementation of the national strategies of Network Power and Digital China, and for the advancement of the construction of digital infrastructure and the exploration of new urban development models and governance models for low-carbon development. This paper puts digital infrastructure and carbon emission into the same framework, explores the intrinsic influence mechanism and spatial-temporal dynamic effect of digital infrastructure on carbon emission from the theoretical level, and innovatively incorporates double-difference into the construction of spatial matrices. Based on the Broadband China strategy as a quasi-natural experiment, using the panel data of prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2019, this paper utilizes the asymptotic double difference method, spatial model and mediation effect model to test the intrinsic mechanism and spatial-temporal dynamic effect. The results show that the Broadband China policy has a significant inhibitory effect on carbon emissions, and this conclusion still holds after the robustness tests of instrumental variables method, triple difference method, and PSM-DID. Impact mechanism analysis shows that digital infrastructure can both directly affect carbon emissions and promote carbon emission reduction through industrial structure upgrading and green technology innovation. Spatial-temporal dynamic effects analysis shows that the impact of the Broadband China policy on carbon emissions has a time lag, and it will be played only in the second year, but the marginal effect shows an increasing trend over time. Moreover, the Broadband China policy has a positive spatial spillover effect on carbon emissions in geographically and economically similar regions. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the carbon emission reduction effect of the Broadband China policy is not significant in the western region, but more obvious in the eastern and central regions, and the effect in the central region is larger than eastern region. Therefore, the article suggests continuing to improve the digital infrastructure, strengthening the promotion of the pilot policy of Broadband China; implementing dynamic and differentiated strategies according to local conditions; accelerating the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure, improving the level of green technological innovation, and smoothing the intermediate channels of digital infrastructure for carbon emission reduction.
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2025,31(1):117-129, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.pj.2024.11.002
The construction of China's independent knowledge system is an indispensable means of developing philosophy and social science with Chinese characteristics, and of advancing a Chinese path to modernization. This paper collates and organizes domestic and international literature on knowledge system research in order to elucidate the concept of independent knowledge system. It then presents an analytical framework for such a system, examines the historical development of China's independent knowledge system, and provides a summary of the environmental and developmental factors that have shaped this system. With the core topic of constructing China's independent knowledge system, an analytical framework is proposed for understanding China's independent knowledge system from three dimensions: practice, history and subject. Firstly, the practical dimension emphasizes that knowledge production is rooted in specific social practices. It is therefore evident that the existing Western knowledge system cannot be accepted or discarded in its entirety. Instead, it must be tested in practice to ascertain its suitability for the development needs of Chinese society. Secondly, the historical dimension reveals that the evolution of the knowledge system must be considered within the context of historical and cultural traditions. It is essential to respect these traditions while transforming the system into an independent Chinese knowledge system through the critical assimilation and localization of external knowledge. Thirdly, the subjective dimension considers the independence and distinctiveness of those engaged in the production and application of knowledge within a specific cultural, historical and social context. This should involve exploring localization pathways with Chinese characteristics, while seeking to balance the relationship between globalization and localization. This paper analyses the implications of knowledge system independence from the perspectives of knowledge production, knowledge evaluation and the construction of knowledge system. Furthermore, a model for the evolution of independence in the knowledge system is proposed and a historical account of the development of China's independent knowledge system in accordance with this model is offered. Finally, the paper argues that China's independent knowledge system is confronted with two significant challenges of globalization and path dependence. The core path for the development of China's independent knowledge system is based on local history and practice, breaking path dependence, fostering academic exchanges between China and the West, and accelerating the global dissemination of independent knowledge system.
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2025,31(1):130-143, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.pj.2024.12.007
The international communication of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics is an important part of the construction of the Chinese modern international discourse system, and also the due meaning of improving China's international communication ability and international discourse power. The construction of China's independent knowledge system is not only a practical necessity to promote Chinese modernization and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, but also a theoretical requirement to contribute to the global knowledge system the Chinese wisdom and experience that can be stated, established and disseminated. The independent knowledge system based on the three major systems is the origin of the international communication of Chinese philosophy and social sciences. Without China's independent knowledge system, there is no foundation for enhancing the dissemination and influence of Chinese civilization, and the international communication is like water without a source or a tree without roots. The unity of independence and embeddedness, value relevance and value independence is the theoretical form that the international communication of Chinese philosophy and social sciences should possess. However, at present, comparing with Harvard University's Fei Zhengqing Center for China Studies, it can be found that the international communication of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics still has many problems, including insufficient research on the international communication object, lagging behind of international communication media and channel construction, insufficient setting of international communication agenda, and imperfect funding and control system of international communication. In this regard, suggestions are proposed from the dimensions of constructing an independent knowledge system with Chinese characteristics embedded in the world, and constructing an international communication system of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics that is more suitable for communication.
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2025,31(1):144-155, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.zs.2024.08.002.
The third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee opened a new chapter for further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting Chinese path to modernization. The combination of comprehensively deepening reform and promoting Chinese path to modernization further highlights the new leap in the Party's understanding of the law of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Further comprehensively deepening reform is an extension of the breadth and depth of comprehensively deepening reform measures and the only way to achieve Chinese path to modernization. Through analysis, the logic of further comprehensively deepening reform is mainly reflected in the following aspects: firstly, the historical logic is to open a new chapter in the history of the journey of reform and opening up; Secondly, the theoretical logic is to write the theoretical dimension of the evolution of productivity and production relations; Thirdly, the logic of practice is the practical deepening of comprehensively deepening reform in the new era. Further comprehensively deepening reform highlights rich contemporary value implications, mainly manifested in the following aspects: firstly, upholding integrity and innovation, demonstrating the superiority of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics; secondly, putting the people first, highlighting the Party's value and sentiment of always putting the people at the center; thirdly, self revolution, which demonstrates the Party's firm determination to break down the barriers of interests. Based on a rigorous logic system and rich value implications, and then combined with reality, we should clarify the evolution path of further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting Chinese path to modernization, which mainly covers: first, strengthen scientific thinking and lead the direction of further comprehensively deepening reform; second, adhere to the leadership of the Party and ensure the further comprehensively deepening reform process; third, enhance confidence in the road and firmly adhere to the path of further comprehensively deepening reform; fourth, pay attention to systematic thinking and clarify the logic of further deepening reform comprehensively; fifth, follow the legal track and standardize the order of further deepening reform comprehensively; sixth, promote the spirit of struggle and enhance the effectiveness of further comprehensively deepening reform. To further comprehensively deepen reform and promote the evolution of Chinese path to modernization are a systematic and organic whole, they work together to safeguard the comprehensive construction of a socialist modernized country.
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YANG Changfu, BAI Jing, XIE Ting
2025,31(1):156-166, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.pj.2024.12.008
The productive forces are the fundamental force for social development and are in constant development and progress. In the new development stage, President Xi Jinping put forward the concept of new quality productivity, which aroused extensive attention and research in the academic circle. Academic circles have carried out research on the connotation and characteristics of new quality productivity, and its relationship with high-quality development, Chinese-style modernization, and common prosperity. The concept of new quality productive forces is an original contribution to Marxist productive forces theory, which has profound connotation and rich ideas. New quality productivity has its productivity starting point. New quality productivity belongs to the category of productive forces, and new quality refers to the qualitative changes arising from the highly developed level of productive forces. New quality productivity is driven by scientific and technological innovation, realizes innovative configuration in elements, and achieves deep transformation and upgrading in industries, and it has the characteristics of high-tech, high efficiency and high quality. The ultimate goal of Chinese-style modernization revolves around improving people's quality of life, with the achievement of common prosperity serving as a pivotal milestone within this ongoing endeavor. The quality of life encompasses both objective and subjective dimensions. Objectively, it refers to the level of economic and social development in a certain society, along with individual economic earnings and the diverse services accessible to them. Subjectively, it refers to the personal perception and satisfaction levels pertaining to these objective factors. To genuinely elevate the quality of life for all, steadfast progress towards common prosperity must be diligently pursued and achieved. There is an inherent logical relationship between the development of new quality productive forces and the realization of common prosperity. New quality productivity can accelerate the growth of social wealth, promote high-quality development, and promote the balance of wealth distribution, so new quality productivity plays an important role in realizing common prosperity. This role is accomplished through some certain practice path, including: deepening institutional reform to break the bottleneck that new quality productive forces empower common prosperity; promoting the self-reliance and self-improvement of high-level science and technology to enhance the driving force of new quality productive forces empowering common prosperity; building a modern industrial system to strengthen the main support of new-quality productive forces empowering common prosperity; advancing opening-up at a high level to foster an external environment in which new quality productive forces empower common prosperity.
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2025,31(1):167-177, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.rw.2024.12.001
Lingqu Canal bridges the Yangtze and Pearl River water systems and plays an important role in the great unification process of ancient China. Previous studies emphasize the Qin and Han dynasties over later generations, ignoring the complex historical picture of the relationship between the existence of Lingqu Canal for more than two thousand years and regional socio-economic development, ethnic interaction, and the shaping of dynastic orthodoxy. From Lingqu to Douhe, and then to Eastern and Western Douhe, the functions of Lingqu Canal gradually increased and played a corresponding role in the various stages of the process of the great unification of ancient China. Since the 12th century, the integration of the water conservancy system in northeastern Guangxi by the state in Qing Dynasty, in particular, laid the material base for the communication between the southwestern provinces and other regions in the central and eastern parts of the country. In terms of dynastic border strategy, the linkage of Eastern and Western Douhe enhanced the central government's ability to control the provinces of Guangxi, Yunan and Guizhou. In terms of the regional market, with the convenience provided by Lingqu Canal, the inter-regional rice and salt trade between Hunan, Guangdong and Guangxi has developed significantly, and the inter-regional rice and salt trade, which lasted for hundreds of years, has also provided favorable conditions for the economic development along Lingqu Canal. For the northern part of Guangxi, the development of the irrigation function of Lingqu Canal has promoted agricultural development in the region. At the same time, with the further development of northeastern Guangxi and the commercialization of mountain forest products, Lingqu Canal became an important commercial route for the transportation of local products such as timber and tea. The surrounding ethnic groups were gradually incorporated into a unified market system, and the ethnic relation ushered in a new historical stage. Since the 12th century, under the joint management of the government and the private sector, the temples around Lingqu Canal have strengthened themselves by absorbing other beliefs, forming three groups of shrines and temples. Between the three, especially Lingji Temple and Longwang Temple, has gradually reached a certain equilibrium in competition. The construction of temples not only reflected the promotion of official ideology and the shaping of political identity, but also intensively displayed a historical picture of the blending of local multicultural traditions. Northeastern Guangxi and even Lingnan region, where Lingqu Canal is located, were taking unification as the greatest from below. Lingqu Canal has a long and profound influence on the great unification of China.
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2025,31(1):178-190, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.rw.2024.12.002
Located in the Yangtze River Delta and the coast of the East China Sea, Ningbo has a long history of boat culture, from the Xiaoshan cross-lake bridge, the canoes and wooden oars unearthed from the Hemudu ruins to the Song Dynasty Guoxin sea boats, which can show the high level of ancient Ningbo shipbuilding technology. However, in the Age of Discovery, ancient China's shipbuilding and navigation technology seemed to have lost its former glory. Academic research on China's ship technology and sailing industry since the 16th century has more or less views of technological stagnation or institutional obstruction, that is, to a certain extent, Joseph Needham's assertion that the achievements of the Chinese in the 15th century did not form a revolutionary breakthrough in technology is reasonable. However, looking back at the history of Ningbo shipping from the Tang and Song dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties, the development of its technology cannot be regarded as stagnant, it is a complex historical process of communication, combination and debugging of knowledge and technology. In fact, to understand the role of shipbuilding technology in Ningbo society, it is necessary to look beyond the purely technical field and consider the interaction between them as a set of technologies or technological systems. If we take Ningbo shipping as a research clue and investigate the development of Ningbo's shipping technology and business operation since the Ming and Qing dynasties in the historical process of institutional change, we will find that Ningbo has inherited the shipping technology tradition since the Tang and Song dynasties. Ships continue to provide technical support for the business operations of Ningbo merchants, and the merchants, as carriers of skills and experience, create an internal impetus for the improvement of ship and shipping technology. In other words, shipping technology itself is not a closed system, and its evolution also implies institutional changes in commercial institutions and trade networks. It can even be said that the selection and improvement of technology is the proper meaning of business practice, so shipping technology is also contained in the overall historical practice of commercial system changes. It is the complex relationship between technology and business operation that enables ships and shipbuilders to flexibly adapt to changes and seize the opportunity in the wave of turning to a modern shipping industry.
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2025,31(1):191-201, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.rw.2024.12.003
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the art patronage of Hui merchants contributed to the flourishing of artistic schools such as the Xin'an Painting School and the Yangzhou Painting School, making it an important case for the study of art production and cultural industry. The role of Hui merchants in the calligraphy and painting market during these periods was multifaceted, with significant historical and contemporary value. The unique identity of scholar-merchant of Hui merchants facilitated their association with literati. Meanwhile, their multifaceted social identity, which integrated art practice, appreciation, investment, consumption, and collection, played a crucial role in the flourishing of the Jiangnan art market and the enhancement of the region's artistic standards. Most Hui merchants originated from wealthy scholarly families. The family traditions of farming and reading, along with the teachings of poetry, books, and etiquette, endowed them with a profound cultural heritage and substantial family assets. Their passion for calligraphy and painting led them to actively engage in artistic endeavors. Their interactions with literati, scholar-merchants, and other social strata facilitated the advancement of commercial activities. The art patronage of Hui merchants effectively combined commercial and non-commercial behaviors, improving the calligraphy and painting environment in Jiangnan, while creating a distinctive cultural space of calligraphy and painting in Jiangnan during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The effectiveness of Hui merchants' art patronage was inseparable from the rich diversity of their art activity modalities, mainly encompassing making friends and forming associations, cultural patronage, transaction and collection, and even the forms of calligraphy and painting art activities with the characteristics of the times such as rewarding guests and giving presents, expressing emotions through female entertainers, and elegant bribery by politicians. The patronage of Hui merchants can be classified into various levels. In terms of acquisition methods, it mainly included the acquisition of embodied cultural capital and institutional cultural capital. From an operational standpoint, it mainly encompassed compensating artists to create works, purchasing antique masterpieces, investing in the works of contemporary renowned artists, providing for the livelihood of artists, and becoming their art patrons. Through the analysis of cultural capital theory, it is found that the Hui merchants' enthusiastic consumption of artworks such as calligraphy and painting demonstrates their strategy of cultural capital accumulation as a marker of social stratification. By engaging with materialized, embodied, and institutionalized cultural capital, the Hui merchants not only fostered the prosperity of Jiangnan art market but also elevated the local artistic aesthetic standards, thereby driving the development of culture and art. Furthermore, their art patronage facilitated the reproduction of cultural capital and formed a cultural production community with the literati class, profoundly transforming the cultural production space in Jiangnan and nurturing artistic schools like the Xin'an Painting School and the Yangzhou Painting School. The research indicates that the strategic investment and consumption of the Hui merchants in the field of culture and art played a crucial role in promoting the healthy development of the cultural ecology in Jiangnan during the Ming and Qing dynasties. This provides valuable insights for the formulation of cultural and artistic policies and the development of cultural industries in China.
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2025,31(1):202-216, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.fx.2024.09.001
The introduction of investment based residence right system was once one of the hot topics discussed in the process of formulating the property rights section of the Civil Code of China. Although there was little opposition to the view of allowing the free transfer of the right of residence in the solicitation of opinions, Article 369 of the Civil Code stipulates that the right of residence shall not be transferred, which shows that legislators believe that the investment based right of residence in comparative law is fundamentally inconsistent with the original intention of the establishment of the residence right system and the needs of social development in China. In the context of the moderate release of homestead reform, and in the practical exploration of the transfer of homestead, the mainstream view in the theoretical field is to shape the right to use homestead as a pure usufructuary right. The path of rural residence right which expands the use and usage rights of homestead has also attracted academic attention. Relying on the integration of real estate and land disposal rules and the free transfer of investment residential rights to achieve the transfer of homestead has been recognized and praised by some scholars. However, analysis has found that there are functional differences between the investment oriented residential rights in rural housing and the residential rights stipulated in the Civil Code, which conflict with the restrictions on transfer and do not have the possibility of breaking through the existing use control to achieve moderate release of homestead, and have little practical value in promoting the transfer of homestead. Abandoning the right expansion model represented by the residential right path will be a rational choice for the future homestead transfer model. As an alternative, the conversion model of homestead generated from local practices is more reasonable. Transforming the right to use homestead into the right to use collectively operated construction land not only conforms to the legal system of homestead, but also follows the historical logic of the evolution of land rights in China, demonstrating the social effect of promoting the flow of land elements and promoting the development of a unified domestic market and urban-rural integration. The transformation has been completed from policy documents and pilot experience to local regulations. In order to achieve the goal of moderately invigorating homestead use right, it is necessary to summarize the emerging homestead right transformation model in pilot areas, form institutional norms at the legal level, and take the maintenance of the status of village collective owners and ensuring the interests of farmers as the starting point, form a land planning system and land income distribution mechanism in line with rural characteristics, and establish the trading rules for the use right of collective operated construction land in line with market demand.
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2025,31(1):217-232, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.fx.2024.06.002
As patent protection periods approach their end, a large number of generic veterinary and agricultural drugs in China face patent infringement risks when implementing patents for administrative approval purposes. Resolving the infringement dilemma for non-human drug market entry has become a practical need and key adjustment direction in the current drug patent system. Looking at the establishment and evolution of the Bolar exemption system in the United States, it has undergone multiple expansions over the past 40 years in response to industry changes to achieve a balance of interests among generic drug companies, original drug companies, and the public. However, there are theoretical and institutional gaps regarding whether China's Bolar exemption system can be expanded to non-human drug fields, the methods of expansion, expansion limits, and the principles and restrictive standards that should be followed, all of which require systematic research. Through in-depth analysis, it's clear that expanding the Bolar exemption system to non-human drug fields has both theoretical legitimacy and practical feasibility. Regarding legitimacy, first, this expansion aligns with industrial policy orientation. The Bolar exemption, which developed from experimental use patent exemptions, has followed industry changes in its creation and development. By including patent implementation activities related to veterinary and agricultural drug administrative approval within the safe harbor scope, it can promote the timely market entry of generic veterinary and agricultural drugs in China and optimize the current industrial structure. Second, it helps improve the accessibility of healthy food. Under the food safety strategy background, the Bolar exemption, as a patent policy regulation tool with public policy attributes, can effectively regulate excessive monopolies of veterinary and agricultural drug patents and coordinate the tension between patent holders and public interests regarding healthy food accessibility. Furthermore, from an international rules perspective, this expansion complies with international law. The veterinary and agricultural drug Bolar exemption meets the three-step test criteria specified in Article 30 of the TRIPS Agreement, making it a compliant adjustment under the international treaty framework. Regarding expansion limits, first, from an institutional perspective, the Bolar exemption has independent institutional value and should not be conflated with patent-term compensation systems. Original drug companies often equate the two citing interest balance, but this deceptively apparent balance usually masks appeals for their interests. Second, from an object perspective, based on the comparative advantages of industrial policy theory, expansion in the veterinary and agricultural drug field should be limited to chemical drugs with current industrial market entry demands and should not prematurely extend to veterinary and agricultural biologics to avoid misallocation of basic resources and failures in medical patent policy due to institutional adjustment biases. Regarding specific implementation paths, considering China's current Bolar exemption system status, comparative analysis results from other jurisdictions, and the timing cycles of previous Patent Law amendments in China, a two-step approach is recommended for expanding its application to non-human drug fields. The first phase would draw from the U. S. judicial exemption model to achieve transitional judicial expansion before Patent Law amendments. The second phase would formally incorporate non-human drugs into the Bolar exemption's legal framework during the fifth amendment of the Patent Law, promoting the formation of a competitive advantage in China's generic veterinary and agricultural drug industry through a stable institutional system.
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2025,31(1):233-246, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.fx.2020.04.009
Along with the continuous advancement of ecological civilization construction, the number and type of related cases are increasing, and accordingly, the scenarios on the identification and application of ecological environment service function loss are also increasingly showing a diversified trend, expanding from the traditional field of environmental pollution and ecological damage to the identification of wildlife resources and their ecological service function loss, the price of various functions of forest ecosystems, the calculation of attorney's risk agency fees, the confirmation of the amount of punitive damages for ecological damage, regulation of the implementation of ecological damage restoration and other contexts. This has led to the technical issue of how to correctly identify and recognize the loss of ecological environment service functions. Comparative analysis of the trial practice reveals that different courts often act in their own ways in the adoption and selection of judgmental methods: either applying the virtual cost of governance method for assessment, or treating it as ecological environment restoration costs directly, or separately and independently assessing the loss of ecological environment service function for double compensation; both pecuniary compensation and apologizing for damages, and even subscription to carbon sinks; applying both to environmental pollution and ecological damage. Due to the lack of clear legal provisions, there is a lack of unified understanding, and judges mostly make decisions based on ecological damage appraisal reports, which makes judicial discretion a mere formality. In order to solve the problem of confusing identification and mechanical adjudication caused by the confusion of concepts, through comparative verification and introduction of existing knowledge, methods and systems in the field of ecology, the concept of ecological environment service function is clarified and its connotation is confirmed to be supportive, regulating, supplying and cultural services for human beings. The Recommended Methods for Appraisal and Assessment of Environmental Damage (Second Edition) is amended, in which the methods are listed in the order of their application, and the form of setting out the estimation methods corresponding to the loss of ecological environmental services and environmental remediation costs in sub-chapters is adopted. The criteria for calculating ecological environmental remediation costs to make an estimation on the basis of the degree of differentiation between the environmental elements and the polluting substances is unified. Differentiating between the type of damages and the objects, taking into account the subjective factors, the method of virtual remediation cost should be used to assess the cost of ecological remediation in a conditional manner. At the time of compiling the Ecological Environment Code, in the structure and content of the Code, in addition to integrating and optimizing the existing legal norms, we can consciously incorporate the relatively mature wisdom and scientific methods that have been formed in the field of ecology, and it is appropriate to turn them into corresponding legal expressions on the basis of maintaining conceptual homogeneity, so as to further promote the effective connection between technical norms and legal norms.
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2025,31(1):247-258, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.fx.2024.07.02
With the promulgation and application of the 2023 Company Law, understanding the legal essence of VAM contract and addressing the challenges of their performance under the new legal framework has become a new focus of theoretical and practical research on VAM contract. Currently, VAM contract still face theoretical ambiguities and practical challenges. Firstly, there is confusion regarding the recognition and constitution of VAM contract, and distinguishing them from disguised debt is a core issue in judicial practice. Secondly, there is a paradox in the distinction between the validity and performance of VAM contract. Although VAM contracts are generally considered valid, the first case of invalidation due to violation of public interest in the securities market has emerged, highlighting the legal and factual difficulties in the performance of VAM contract, leading to the performance paradox of VAM contract. To address these issues, it is necessary to reclarify the legal nature of VAM contract and, on this basis, reconstruct normative solutions to the difficulties in their performance. Firstly, VAM contract have a special legal nature, being a product of the integration of equity and debt. This is reflected in the economic interest state carried by VAM contract, which exhibits both convergence and divergence, with the economic interests of VAM contract investors showing a tendency towards creditorization. The scope of VAM contract is complex, being constrained by corporate law, contract law, accounting standards, and financial regulatory rules. The mechanism for realizing the rights of the parties involved in VAM contract shows overlapping competition, with the transaction structure aligning with the characteristics of equity-debt combined financing. Externally, the investor's identity is recorded as a shareholder in company registration documents, while internally, the investor's actual legal status is a creditor rather than a shareholder. This cross-over and transformation of identities rely on tools from contract law and company law. Secondly, the legal dilemma of the inability to perform VAM contracts is rooted in their integrated nature of equity and debt. Contractual rules, organizational law rules, accounting standards, and regulatory rules should achieve coordinated unification in the handling of disputes and resolution of conflicts involving VAM contract. Finally, in the context of the combination of equity and debt, the relevant regulations on preference shares specified in the 2023 Company Law should be interpreted to achieve the implementation of VAM contract. In terms of categories, paragraph one of Article 144 can analogously apply to VAM contract. In terms of rights exercise, the general restrictions on the exercise of voting rights for preference shares are applicable, and directors, supervisors, and senior managers should be required to bear special good faith obligations to investors. Additionally, optimizing the rules for profit distribution and capital reduction, including financial source restrictions and related procedures, would promote the flexible handling of assets by companies without losing solvency, driving innovations in the capital system of company law, addressing the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, and improving the business environment.
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2025,31(1):259-271, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.fx.2020.05.004
In recent years, China has widely adopted the blacklist system, a concept originated from British education to penalize student misconduct, in its administrative management. This adoption comes amid reforms to the administrative approval system, emergency response, and efforts to build a trustworthy society. While the administrative blacklist system positively enhances government risk prevention and strengthens law enforcement coordination, it can adversely affect the rights and interests of those blacklisted. A crucial question emerges: Can individuals who believe their blacklisting infringes upon their legitimate rights and interests initiate administrative litigation to hold the responsible agency and officials accountable for unlawful actions? This problem depends on the nature of administrative blacklist system. From the perspective of positive law, the administrative blacklist system has six internal structures: a single blacklist model, blacklist and disclosure model, blacklist and direct disciplinary model, blacklist and indirect disciplinary model, blacklist and combined disciplinary model and blacklist and independent disciplinary model. It also has three external effect realization structures: realization of effect based on blacklist act itself, realization of effect based on disciplinary act directly triggered by blacklist and realization of effect based on disciplinary act indirectly added by blacklist. Determining the justiciability of administrative blacklisting actions requires first assessing whether they fall within the purview of the Administrative Procedure Law. For blacklisting actions not explicitly covered by the law, a substantive evaluation must be made to determine if they have no practical impact on the rights and interests of the affected party. Specifically, a single blacklist model, which has no external effect, belongs to the internal administrative act and cannot be sued. The blacklist and disclosure model, which can produces factual influence to counterpart' rights, can be sued. The blacklists in blacklist and indirect disciplinary model and blacklist and combined disciplinary model belong to the fact elements of subsequent disciplinary acts, which can be sued after being separately disclosed and only have the adjunctive justiciability when prosecuting disciplinary acts if not separately disclosed. In today's complex social landscape, where natural hazards and self-reflexive risks intersect, administrative agencies autonomously develop and implement innovative regulatory tools. This innovation is driven by practical law enforcement needs, technological progress, and reform imperatives. For these new credit regulation instruments used in intricate administrative affairs, it is crucial to first establish their de facto status and then design a tailored legal framework to govern them. Only through this approach can regulatory tools, exemplified by administrative blacklists, fulfill their intended functions within the boundaries of the rule of law.
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2025,31(1):272-288, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.fx.2024.01.003
Data security is related to national security and social stability, and it is both necessary and urgent to protect data security through criminal law. After the improvement of the amendments and the supplementation of judicial interpretations, China's criminal law has formed a management security model to protect data security, which aims to regulate the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of static data, and relies on the crime of illegally obtaining computer information system data and the crime of damaging computer information systems as normative standards for data security protection. The establishment of the management security protection model has gone through three stages of development: data as an incidental part of computer information system protection, data becoming a relatively independent object of criminal law protection, and expanding the scope of data security coverage through judicial interpretation. The management security protection model has closed and static characteristics, which is difficult to adapt to the trend of dynamic and shared development of data in the digital society. It has failed to achieve orderly connection with pre-existing laws such as the Data Security Law, and has led to the problem of ambiguity in the judicial application of data crime clauses in the criminal law. The arrival of the digital society has created new types of data security risks, namely the risks generated by analyzing data, as well as the risks caused by using the knowledge and information generated by analyzing data to make decisions. Faced with new types of risks, data security protection urgently needs to shift towards a utilization security model centered on the confidentiality, integrity, availability, controllability, and legitimacy of dynamic data. In terms of protection philosophy, data should be treated as an independent object, shifting from dependent protection to specialized and systematic protection; In terms of regulatory focus, expand from focusing on data collection and storage nodes to other nodes, and shift from one-sided protection to full chain protection; In terms of protection strategy, there is a shift from general protection to classification and protection. Therefore, on the basis of optimizing existing data crime clauses, new data crimes should be added and a data classification and protection system should be introduced. Specifically, firstly, the relationship between data, information, and computer information systems should be clearly defined in legislation, and independent data clauses should be separated to achieve specialized protection of data security. At the same time, criminal offenses that endanger data security should be stipulated in the specific provisions of the Criminal Law for systematic protection. Secondly, crimes such as illegal disclosure, provision, sale, and export of data, illegal analysis of data, and illegal use of data analysis results should be added for comprehensive protection. Thirdly, a data security classification and protection system should be established, which combines data classification with the identification of data crimes at the conviction level, and connects data classification with the punishment discretion of data crimes at the sentencing level.
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2025,31(1):289-300, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.zx.2024.04.019
Xi Jinping Thought on Culture is the theoretical summary of the practical experience of the Party's leading in culture construction in the new era. It has both innovation and breakthrough in cultural theoretical viewpoints and deployment requirements in the layout of cultural work. It is clear that theory can be applied, and practice can be integrated into theory. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture comes from practice and guides practice, but there are few researches on Xi Jinping Thought on Culture guiding practice at present. This study takes national cultural park as the object of practice and interpretation, uses the thinking of theory can be applied and practice can be integrated into theory, and builds the internal connection between Xi Jinping Thought on Culture and the construction of national cultural parks. From the historical dimension, it analyzes the concept construction, planning implementation and construction promotion of national cultural parks, and believes that the construction of national cultural parks has witnessed the gradual systemization of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture since the 18th National Congress of the Party, and is the result of the gradual advancement of the major strategic deployment of cultural construction in the new era led by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as its core. Furthermore, the inner relation between Xi Jinping Thought on Culture and the construction of national cultural park is further clarified, and national cultural parks are considered as an important experimental field and touchstone for Xi Jinping Thought on Culture to guide cultural practice. Therefore, in order to realize the goal of building good national cultural parks proposed by the 20th National Congress of the Party, it is necessary to fully understand the essence of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture and guide the construction of national cultural park with Xi Jinping Thought on Culture. To this end, we need to adhere to the position of Chinese culture, and ensure the correct political orientation of the construction of national cultural parks in the process of inheriting the excellent traditional Chinese culture, inheriting the revolutionary culture and developing the advanced socialist culture; We need to adhere to the principle of the people first, build the people's spiritual faith, realize the people's yearning for a better life, respect the people's creativity, and preserve the people's nature of the construction of national cultural parks; We need to strengthen cultural confidence, uphold openness and inclusiveness, adhere to integrity and innovation, consolidate cultural subjectivity, take the new cultural mission of the new era as our own responsibility, and ultimately achieve the goal of building good national cultural parks.
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2025,31(1):301-310, DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.pj.2024.12.009
The key to running ideological and political theory courses well lies in the teachers, and the key is to unleash their enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity. Image, as an important manifestation of the professional development level of the teaching staff of ideological and political theory courses, is an important focus of ideological and political theory courses construction. Based on the digital age, with the development and maturity of big data and its multidimensional applications, the combination of the two has inherent compatibility and practical necessity in the face of the actual demand for the image construction of the teaching staff of ideological and political theory courses. Grasping the functional value, application scenarios, and inherent thinking concepts of big data, clarifying the internal laws and general processes of image construction, can effectively explore the multidimensional approach of big data empowering the image construction of the teaching staff of ideological and political theory courses. Big data effectively empowers the quality improvement, structural optimization, and precise governance of the teaching staff of ideological and political theory courses through its role, and actively constructs the image of the teaching staff of ideological and political theory courses through subject strengthening. Big data promotes the concept innovation of image design for the teaching staff of ideological and political theory courses, the systematic implementation of image shaping, and the integration of image dissemination, in order to build a more orderly image of the teaching staff of ideological and political theory courses through process optimization and innovation. Big data aims to solve the contradiction between the overall promotion and key breakthroughs of the image construction of the teaching staff of ideological and political theory courses, the contradiction between what is and what should be, and the contradiction between the representation of image reality and actual perception, in order to construct the image of the teaching staff of ideological and political theory courses with higher quality in promoting the resolution of contradiction problems. Big data combines comprehensive evaluation and key evaluation, external evaluation and self-evaluation, result evaluation and process evaluation to help construct the image of the teaching staff of ideological and political theory courses more efficiently in evaluation optimization.
Volume 31,2025 Issue 1
区域开发
社科研究与评价
人文论坛
法学研究
政治建设与社会治理
Volume 31,2025 Issue 1
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