This article examines the consumption structure of rural residents in 2004. First, the author calculates the factor scores and ranked the 31 provinces using the method of factor analysis; then divides the 31 regions using the method of cluster analysis; at last, the author compares the consumption structure of traditional way of regional division of the East, the Middle and the West with the new division of four clusters. Based on the characteristics of consumption structure through the analysis stated above, some suggestions are raised to improve the consumption of rural residents during the process of the Socialist New Rural Construction, such as to increasing income and building more consumptive establishments should be emphasized particularly in some regions.