To analyze the environmental legal system and the land rights of ancient China, to provide with the ancient books of China which still exist, it proves that there was a environmental legal system in XIZHOU dynasty, but this system was degenerating step by step, during the HAN dynasty to MING and QING dynasty. The impetus which leads to this change is the land rights transform. In QIN and HAN dynasty, the land rights began to change from state ownership to private ownership, and the environmental legal system of XIZHOU dynasty, which based on the state ownership of land, began to disorganization. To SUI and TANG dynasty, the new environmental legal system, which had been weakened, was formed. To MING and QING dynasty, the land private ownership had been developed very deeply, and the environmental legal system had been weakened nearly to disappear.