This research proposes the analysis framework of three-dimensional market structure-“scale structure, industry structure and professional structure” from the system angle, and provides new idea to comprehensively and systematically analyze the development of specific industry． Besides, it is applied to Chinese construction industry． Based on the data from China Statistical yearbook(2001-2010) and China construction Statistical yearbook(2001-2009), this paper analyzes the evolution trend of scale, industry and professional structure of Chinese construction industry． The research finds that: from the angle of scale structure, the enterprise scale in Chinese construction market is not exactly the same during the ten years, but the degree of change is relatively stable, which represents the situation that “it is main in the competition, as well as local monopoly”; from the perspective of industry structure, there are a great deal of enterprises in housing construction industry with a relatively small scale, and the market competition is strong． Compared with it, the departments in civil engineering industry are heavily protected and the degree of market competition is smaller; from the view of professional structure, there is unbalance between the general contractor and professional contractor． The number of the general contractor enterprise is excessive and the scale is big, while the structure distribution of the specialization enterprises is unreasonable． The general contractor enterprise and professional contractor enterprise haven’t built a perfectly collaborative relationship．