In the past studies on the farming-pastoral ecotone and related issues in the historical period, climate and population factors are two basic clues. However, through the study of the transition of farming-pastoral ecotone in the space-time dimension, it can be found that the effects of climate and population factors are different. It is biased and the degree of influence varies in different periods. Therefore, on the basis of investigating the influence of climate and population factors on the changes of the farming-pastoral ecotone in the historical period, this paper believes that there are three key points that should be paid attention to: first, we must treat differently the influence degree of climate and population factors in different historical periods; second, pay attention to the "boundary zone", which is the core area of the agro-pastoral ecotone; third, pay attention to the relationship between the choice of agriculture and animal husbandry and the change of environmental landscape and ecosystem change in the agro-pastoral ecotone.