In the context of the rapid development of Chinese think tanks, scientific think tank evaluation systems are critical for guiding think tanks to deepen the reform of system and mechanism, improving the internal governance of think tanks, and promoting the improvement of quality and efficiency of think tanks, so as to form a sound think tank ecosystem, and promote the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity with high-quality think tank products. This research makes a survey of current practices and academic research of think tank evaluation at home and abroad, summarizes the practical problems and their causes, and points out their possible impact on the construction of think tanks with Chinese characteristics. The research proposes that China should build a think tank evaluation system with Chinese characteristics under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and based on China’s experience and conditions, which will promote the overall development of China’s think tank system.