In October 1910,the plague patient was first found in Manchuria.Afterwards,the plague spread to Fujiadian,Harbin,and quickly deteriorated,and soon it spread throughout the Northeast and even outside the Shanhaiguan,until the Qing government controlled the Fujiadian epidemic,the epidemic gradually eased in various places. By April 1911,the epidemic was completely extinguished. It took 6 months before and after,and the cumulative deaths reached 50,000 to 60,000. The plague not only brought serious disasters to China,but also affected the commercial interests of powers such as Japan and Russia in the Northeast. In the face of the sudden and fierce plague,China,Japan,Russia and other countries have taken certain measures to prevent the epidemic,and have launched a fierce game around epidemic prevention rights. Among them,Japan has been particularly "active". Japan not only investigated the plague epidemic in Northeast China in detail,but also reported on the epidemic situation on a daily,weekly,and monthly basis. It also took response measures in the areas surrounding its consulate,along the "South Manchurian railway",the border between China and North Korea,and even on the Japanese mainland. The epidemic prevention measures adopted by Japan mainly include:emergency evacuation of Japanese nationals,establishment of a unified epidemic prevention management agency,implementation of emergency isolation measures,strengthening of water and land transportation quarantine and disinfection,encourage catching and killing rats,and vigorously promoting China-Japan joint epidemic prevention. Japan did not hesitate to invest a large amount of manpower,material and financial resources to carry out epidemic prevention. The motives and reasons are:first,for its own safety,it strictly prevented the plague from spreading to Japan and threatening the safety of Japanese people; the second is to "moderate" the people's anti-Japanese sentiment in the Northeast,not only to consolidate the vested interests in the Northeast,but also to seize the opportunity to capture greater rights and interests; the third is to eradicate the plague as soon as possible,and to restore the transportation and commerce between China and Japan in order to snatch the commercial interests of the Northeast; fourth,some medical personnel have supported epidemic prevention in the Northeast out of "humanitarian" considerations. Objectively speaking,Japan's epidemic prevention measures have prevented the spread of the plague to a certain extent,curbed the spread of the epidemic in North Korea and Japan,and played a certain role in the final eradication of this major plague. However,Japan's violent actions such as forcibly interfering in Northeast epidemic prevention affairs under the pretext of epidemic prevention,trampling on China's territorial sovereignty,and discriminating against the Chinese people cannot be ignored.Japan's attempt to realize its political,diplomatic and economic ambitions in Northeast China through epidemic prevention must be more soberly understood.