The development level of higher education is an important symbol to judge a country's development level and development potential. The level and quality of first-class university groups determine the level and quality of the higher education system. Therefore, to improve the development level of China's higher education and enhance China's core competitiveness in the world, the CPC Central Committee has made a series of strategic decisions to accelerate the construction of word-class universities and first-class disciplines, with a view to building world-class universities with Chinese characteristics. As the lifeline of all the work of the university, ideological and political work is related to the two fundamental issues of "who, how and for whom to cultivate" and "what kind of university to run and how to run a good university". It can be seen that as an important supporting force for the quality development of China's higher education, world-class universities with Chinese characteristics should regard first-class ideological and political work as an important symbol of first-class universities and adhere to the leadership of the Party, adhere to the guiding position of Marxism, fully implement the Party's education policy, adhere to the socialist direction of running schools, integrate moral education into the whole process of education, cultivate qualified socialist builders and reliable successors with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, and make unremitting efforts to realize the dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In the face of the new situation, new connotation and new requirements of ideological and political work in colleges and universities in the new era, as well as various new challenges, such as the distortion of students' values, the uneven quality of teachers, the breeding of unhealthy tendencies in colleges and universities, the promotion of non-mainstream voices in society, the "fragmented" negative public opinion marketing guidance of the media, colleges and universities, especially the world-class universities with Chinese characteristics, should firmly grasp the "four innovations", analyze the current situation and explore how to give more effective play to the efficiency of ideological and political work and cultivate new people of the times who are worthy of the important task of national rejuvenation. The evaluation of the effectiveness of ideological and political work is an important reference for the establishment of world-class ideological and political work. Therefore, the author expounds the significance of the effectiveness evaluation of ideological and political work in colleges and universities around five dimensions of the regularity and standardization of ideological and political work itself, educational subject, educational object, educational carrier and educational environment, and discusses the construction of the effectiveness evaluation system of ideological and political work in colleges and universities based on the four levels of ideological and political work content, object, methods and evaluation subject. It lays theoretical foundation for the later scientific and effective evaluation of the efficiency of ideological and political work in colleges and universities and the establishment of world-class universities with Chinese characteristics.