During the Warring States Period, the disintegration of the clan, the decline of the aristocracy and the changes of social structure, as well as frequent and violent wars, made the governance of the Grassroots an important problem. So The Book of Lord Shang proposed the Thought of Grassroots Mass Self-government. That is to say, the country should be the leading force, the rule of law as the foundation, the system as the guarantee, the community elite as the main body and grassroots people been broadly mobilized and participatied. Grassroots Mass Self-government under the leadership of the state can effectively integrate dispersed people into the national system. Tt can not only improve the country's ability to absorb the underlying resources and national strength, but also by giving people autonomy and by provide a social mechanism for upward mobility can cultivate people's sense of identity with the country and Consolidate the foundation of rule. Such the new type of country and its nationalities and cultures under its wings have a chance to stand firmly and to further develop in the "world of great struggle". Undoubtedly, it is a valuable local historical resource and ideological wealth for contemporary China, which is facing unprecedented changes in the world in centuries. The rule of law clearly defines the scope of the exercise of state public power, make the moderate separation of Justice and Administration, plus the universality and effectiveness of law popularization, so that the judiciary and the public can supervise the administration and maintain the dynamic balance between the vertical power of the state and the horizontal autonomy of society to some extent. This has important reference value to solve the problem of the modern grassroots mass self-government hanging in the air, to avoid local governments' erosion of grassroots self-government, to realizie people's democracy in the whole process.