Because cement concrete typically is a fragile material, raising the shock resistance toughness of cement concrete pavement structures under vehicular loads is a key challenge for improving the service performance of cement concrete pavement. The concrete test method developed by ACI to gauge shock resistance toughness was adopted. By using homemade drop hammer test equipment, adding different doses of polypropylene fiber to concrete, and molding concrete specimens, shock resistance toughness tests were carried out on specimens with required workability. The shock resistance toughness of polypropylene fiber concrete was evaluated by examining indicators such as first crack time and final crack time. The test results were compared with those of normal concrete. The results show that when the polypropylene fiber content varies from 0 g/m3, 0.9g/m3 to 1.2g/m3, the maximal shock resistance toughness increases by 4.3 times. The ability of polypropylene fiber to increase greatly the shock resistance toughness of concrete is favorable for its use in pavement structures under vehicular loads.