Thick steel plates are widely used in high-rise buildings and large-span steel structures. However, the increase of steel plate thickness will induce variations of mechanical properties of steel plates, especially the thickness properties. The mechanical properties of structural steel Q345B with plate thickness from 60 to 150 mm were tested at low temperature through round bar tensile specimens which included two types, i.e. transverse specimen that is perpendicular to the rolling direction and Z-direction (or through thickness) specimen. The indices of yield strength fy, ultimate tensile strength fu, percentage reduction of area ψ and their variations with temperature and sampling locations were measured in the experiments; the corresponding indices for thorough thickness properties were also obtained. it is indicated that: (1) when temperature decreases, fy and fu of thick plate increase while ψ value decreases; (2) from surface to center of the thick plate, ψ values for transverse specimens decrease; (3) with the increase of plate thickness, ψ values for Z-direction specimens decrease and are smaller than those of transverse specimens. Useful material property data of thick steel plate are provided for thick plate steel structures.