近年来农村住宅建设进入大建设时期，农村住宅在层数、结构以及居民使用时间上与城市住宅有很大不同，现有研究很少针对农村住宅建筑，并且大多关注优化外窗节能设计而忽视改善室内的光环境，尤其是重庆地区等光气候条件很差的地方。构成外窗主要因子有窗墙比、玻璃类型、外遮阳板等，外窗因子影响采光和空调能耗的程度不同，并且采光和空调能耗之间本身就是对立的。采用室内平均采光系数作为评价参数，针对重庆农村地区，采用DesignBuilder软件建立典型农村住宅建筑模型，利用SPSS正交试验方法，得到窗墙比、玻璃类型及遮阳板对自然采光影响效应程度大小顺序：窗墙比＞玻璃类型＞外遮阳板，并通过采光达标情况判定得到了不同玻璃类型和遮阳情况的最小窗墙比。

In recent years, rural residences go into a period of large-scale construction. Rural residences and urban residences are quite different in Layer, construction and service time. Little existing research on rural residences construction, and more research pay attention to optimize the design of the external window energy saving and ignores improving indoor light environment, such as Chongqing area. Main factors of external window are window-wall ratio, window glass types, external shading, etc. The factors influence the lighting and air-conditioning energy consumption at different levels and the consumption between lighting and air conditioning energy are opposite. In this paper, based on the average coefficient of indoor day lighting, use DesignBuilder software establish the model of the typical rural residences and use orthogonal experiment to analyze the results. Get the result: window-wall ratio＞window glass types＞external shading. And through the lighting standard conditions get the smallest window wall ratio in different glass types and external shading condition.

国家十二五科技计划（2013BAJ11B05）；中央高校基金重点项目（106112012CDJZR215502）；教育部高等学校博士学科点科研基金（20110191120036）