人居环境改善涉及重大民生问题，节能减排是国家重大战略。因此,有必要寻求合理的居住建筑设计方法，使设计方案既满足居民的室内热舒适需求又能降低建筑能耗。基于多目标遗传优化算法，建立能够对建筑设计方案进行优化、实现增加室内热舒适时间比例的同时降低建筑全年冷热负荷的居住建筑设计双目标优化模型。最后，以重庆典型户型为实例进行优化，优化后的设计方案建筑全年冷热负荷降低了47.74%，室内热舒适时间比例提高了3.94%，验证了模型的可行性和准确性。

To improve the living environment is a major livelihood issue, and energy saving and emission reduction is a major national strategy. Therefore, it is necessary to seek a reasonable design method which could not only meet the needs of residents in the indoor thermal comfort and reduce the building energy consumption of residential building. Based on the genetic algorithm, a multi-objective optimization model of residential building design is established which can optimize the design to increase the indoor thermal comfort time and reduce the annual cooling and heating load. Finally, taking the typical apartment of Chongqing as an example, the annual cooling and heating load of the optimized design plan is decreased by 47.74% and the indoor thermal comfort time ratio is increased by 3.94%, which verify the feasibility and accuracy of the model.

国家自然科学基金（51408079、51578086）；建筑安全与环境国家重点实验室开放课题基金（BSBE2014-10）；重庆市研究生科研创新项目（CYB15040）