相较于传统的列车轨道路基整体耦合三维有限元模型，提出一种优化处理列车荷载的方法，基于多体系统动力学理论建立列车轨道垂向耦合模型，并通过数值计算得到考虑了轨道随机不平顺条件下的轮轨激振载荷，随后利用二次开发子程序将轮轨载荷导入无砟轨道路基天然地基土非线性数值分析三维有限元模型，在此基础上研究分析高速移动荷载作用下路基的动应力分布规律。研究结果表明：采用的车辆荷载处理方法在保证计算精度的前提下代替车辆不平顺轨道路基地基整体耦合振动模型，降低了建模及计算时间成本；竖向动应力沿横向分布规律，在轨道结构中数值较大，路基基床内远小于轨道结构中的数值，基床表层及基床底层底面出现"马鞍形"分布；沿竖向分布，随着深度的增加，竖向动应力逐渐减小，在基床表层内的衰减率较大，甚至超过50%；沿纵向分布，在各结构层内产生了与转向架数目相等的应力峰值数目，列车运行过程中轨道及路基动应力的变化可以看作是反复的加、卸载过程；列车移动速度对路基动力响应影响作用明显，时速由200 km/h增长到350 km/h时，各结构层动应力幅值增长均超过30%。

In this study, compared with the traditional train-track-subgrade integral coupling three-dimensional finite element model, an optimized method for handling train loads has been proposed. The train-track vertical coupling model was established based on the multi-body system dynamics theory, and the wheel-rail excitation load under the condition of random track irregularity was obtained through numerical calculation. Then the wheel-rail load was imported into the ballastless track-subgrade-natural foundation soil nonlinear numerical analysis three-dimensional finite element model by using the secondary development subroutine. On this basis, the dynamic stress distribution law of subgrade under high-speed moving load was studied and analyzed. The research results show that the vehicle load processing method used in this paper replaces the vehicle-irregular track-subgrade-foundation integrated vibration model under the premise of ensuring the calculation accuracy, reducing the modeling and calculation time cost, which has certain reference significance; The vertical dynamic stress distribution law along the transverse direction shows that the value is larger in the track structure, and the value in the subgrade bed is much smaller than that in the track structure. The surface layer of the subgrade bed and the bottom surface of the subgrade bed appears "saddle-shaped" distribution; The vertical dynamic stress distribution law along the vertical shows that as the depth increases, the vertical dynamic stress gradually decreases, and the attenuation rate in the surface layer of the subgrade bed is relatively large, even exceeding 50%; The vertical dynamic stress distribution law along the longitudinal direction shows that the number of stress peaks equal to the number of bogies is produced in each structural layer. The dynamic stress changes of the track and subgrade during train operation can be regarded as repeated loading and unloading processes; The moving speed of the train has an obvious effect on the dynamic response of the subgrade. When the speed increases from 200 km/h to 350 km/h, the dynamic stress amplitude of each structural layer increases by more than 30%.

U213.1

国家自然科学基金（51978265）；江西省主要学科学术和技术带头人培养计划（20194BCJ22009）