With the development of computer technology and in-depth study of computation theory, numerical analysis has become the major analysis method for bridge structure. At present, through the numerical simulation of bridge structure, the mechanical behavior and response under various complex actions can be obtained, with which the calculation efficiency and adaptability are far higher than those of analytical method and model test. Based on the relevant research results in recent years, the application of numerical analysis technology in bridge structure analysis and the latest research results are summarized. This paper mainly focuses on the finite element numerical simulation technology related to the analysis of the main mechanical behavior of bridge structure, including the latest research direction of beam theory, the nonlinear analysis methods and technologies, the research progress of a variety of numerical constitutive models for bridge structure materials, and the timeliness of Mechanical properties of bridge structures under corrosive environment. The new development of finite element method and numerical simulation method of composite structure based on beam theory are summarized. Finally, the problems that need to be further studied and solved in this field are analyzed and prospected.