The demand for energy exchange increases as the rapid development of regional economy, and the number of vehicles loading and transporting "burning, vapour, explosion and chemical" dangerous chemicals is increasing. The structural safety of bridge in-service is seriously threatened due to the explosion and fire caused by the vehicles emerge in an endless stream. As a hot topic in the field of bridge disaster prevention, scholars have made fruitful research in the field of bridge explosion and fire resistance. Based on the publications in 2020, this paper briefly summarizes the research results at the present stage. This paper focuses on the explosion impact load test and numerical simulation method, bridge fire test and simulation technology, bridge anti-explosion performance and deterioration mechanism, bridge damage mechanism and safety assessment under fire, bridge anti-explosion safety assessment method, bridge performance evolution and disaster mechanism after overfire. The explosion test technology at present through the analysis of the system and research the mechanics characteristics of structure under high strain rate, complicated fire environment temperature transmission and distribution, coupled damage evolution of the bridge subjected on multi-disasters, disaster mechanism and bridge structure safety assessment system are of lack and urgent need. In order to ensure the service safety of bridge structure in the whole life cycle, the structural characteristics and operation and maintenance safety under extreme load conditions such as explosion and fire have been is of primary importance in the operation and maintenance of bridge.