近年来，极端天气事件呈现趋多趋强态势，变化环境下洪涝灾害频发给社会经济发展带来严峻挑战。重庆是中国西部超大城市和成渝城市群“双核”之一，主城区地貌以山地、丘陵为主，受上游江河来水和三峡库区回水的双重影响，洪涝灾害风险突出。以重庆市历年洪涝灾害事件为基础，梳理重庆市防涝减灾现状，分析水文、地理、地形、城市化、气象等因素对重庆市洪涝灾害发生频率和强度的影响，结合这些洪涝灾害致灾因子进一步对重庆市的孕灾环境和承灾体进行分析，提出针对重庆中心城区洪涝治理的对策建议。分析发现：重庆市洪涝灾害受多种因素综合影响，特殊的地理位置和山地城市的地形条件决定了重庆防洪治涝的艰巨性；重庆市河流纵横，山高谷深，完全具备发生洪涝灾害的孕灾条件；应充分考虑气象水文和经济社会发展的新情况，根据三峡水库等建成后的洪涝灾害特征和城区防洪防涝能力现状，及时优化城市洪涝灾害防御体系。

In recent years, extreme meteorological and hydrological events have become more frequent and intense, and the frequent occurrence of flood disasters in a rapidly evolving environment has brought severe challenges to socio-economic development. This study focuses on Chongqing, one of two principal cores within the megacities of western China, part of the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration. This city, s terrain, predominantly hilly and mountainous, together with its proximity to upstream rivers and the backwater of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA), highlights its exposure to the threat of flood disasters. This study focuses on Chongqing, s historical flood disaster events to assess the current state of flood prevention and disaster reduction efforts within the city. The authors further analyze the impact of various factors, including hydrology, geography, topography, urbanization, and meteorological conditions, on both the frequency and intensity of flood disasters in Chongqing. Alongside these causal factors of flood disasters, the authors further delve into the analysis of Chongqing, s disasters—Forming environment and the entities that bear these disasters. Finally, countermeasures are provided. The findings indicate that the occurrence of flood disasters in Chongqing is influenced by various factors, and its special location and characteristics of the mountain city determine the difficulty of flood prevention and management in Chongqing. Notably, the city, s complex terrain and numerous rivers creat the conditions conducive to flood disasters. Given the evolving circumstances brought about by meteorological hydrology and socio-economic development, it is imperative to proactively reassess and optimize Chongqing, s urban flood disaster prevention system. This should be done in accordance with the unique flood disaster characteristics that have emerged following the completion of the TGRA and the current flood control and waterlogging prevention capacity of the urban area.

TU998.4

中国工程院院地合作重大项目（2021-ZD-CQ-2）