As one of the most common support structural systems against seismic landslide, pile-anchor structures have become a hot topic of research in the current engineering field for their enhanced seismic resilience under strong earthquake. This study optimizes the seismic performance of pile-anchor structures by introducing viscous dampers and ECC (Engineered Cementitious Composite) ductile components. Based on shake table tests, the characteristics of dynamic behavlors of the new pile-anchor structures are analyzed from aspects of macroscopic failure, model dynamic properties, acceleration response, pile displacement response, dynamic bending moment response, and dynamic axial force response. The experimental results indicate that installation of dampers effectively reduces the dynamic axial force of the anchor cables and prevents its accumulation, with a maximum reduction of up to 47%. The reduction magnitude increases and then decreases with the increase of the seismic intensity, and it can be adjusted by optimizing the design of the dampers. The use of ECC materials improves the deformation capacity of the pile body, enhances the energy dissipation capacity of the anti-sliding pile under seismic action, and overcomes the problem of increased displacement due to the installation of dampers. The combined effect of both significantly improves the seismic performance of pile-anchor structures. The spectral characteristics of seismic waves possesses significant impact on the seismic response pattern of the new structure. The more frequency components close to the fundamental frequency of the slope contained in the seismic waves, the more prominent the dynamic amplification effect. Compared to the action of Sine_5Hz, under the effect of the Wenchuan wave, the amplification factor of the PGA (Peak Ground Acceleration) at the top of the slope could increase by up to 100%.