In order to study the effect of electric curing on the early strength development of mortar mixed with calcium formate early strength agent under a negative temperature environment, calcium formate early strength agent with 2% mass of cementitious material was mixed into the mortar, and electric curing was carried out by passing alternating current in a -10°C environment. During the test, the real-time changes of the internal temperature of the mortar under different energization parameters were monitored by a thermometer, and finally, the strength of the mortar energized for one day and the strength of the subsequent standard curing for 3 days and 7 days under different energization parameters were tested. The test results show that the addition of calcium formate to the mortar can effectively reduce the resistance and thus improve the energizing efficiency, and the initial resistance of the mortar specimens with calcium formate is 1/4 that of the mortar without calcium formate, so that it can achieve a good heating effect at a lower applied voltage. Calcium formate also has an obvious early strength effect after 1 day of electrical curing, which can promote the early strength development of the mortar. The strengths at 3 days and 7 days of the calcium formate-doped mortar increased by 59% and 29%, respectively, compared with the un-doped calcium formate mortar under the same energizing parameters.