Dynamic compaction is a widely employed foundation treatment method, but the surface vibrations it incurs can potentially lead to damage in nearby constructions. Therefore, it is crucial to determine appropriate safety distances and implement effective vibration absorption methods based on specific site conditions and vibration attenuation laws. Drawing from the dynamic compaction process at Fuzhou Changle International Airport, we conducted on-site tests to acquire essential data and subsequently performed simulations using the discrete element method. Our findings revealed that, under identical energy levels, lighter hammers result in higher soil velocities. Moreover, heavier hammers exhibit a broader influence and lead to a slower attenuation process. Simulation results demonstrated that the attenuation process can be accurately modeled using hyperbolic functions, a conclusion substantiated by the results of our field experiments. Damping ditch calculations indicated that the vibration velocities of soil increase before the ditch and decrease behind it. Based on relevant standards, the installation of a damping ditch in this area allows for a substantial reduction in the required safety distance.