The genetic bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (GBESO) of separated elements model adopts the evolution mechanism by generation probabilistic eliminate and reactivation, which can obtain the optimal topology based on uniform stress distribution by optimizing the steel bar element, and provide a new idea for engineering reinforcement design of two-dimensional components such as deep beam. According to the GBESO and the empirical design method recommended by the Chinese code, a group of reinforced concrete simply supported deep beam reinforcement contrast static test was completed. Results show that the component designed by GBESO consumes less steel bars, has higher ultimate bearing capacity, better cracks distribution, and better energy dissipation ability in the process of destruction, the reinforcement design approach is more conform to the mechanism of the component due to the oblique steer bars reinforcement of the oblique section. To sum up, the capability and reliability of t separated elements model GBESO in the design of deep beam reinforcement have been confirmed, which can be used as a reference for future engineering design.