In view of the frequent blooms of filamentous cyanobacteria in recent years, the response of growth to temperature and the relationship between growth and functional characteristics of three common filamentous algae were studied. The results showed that when the temperature increased from 15 ℃ to 30 ℃, the specific growth rate of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii increased from 0.28 d-1 to 0.70 d-1, the photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) fluctuated within the range of 0.40 to 0.61, and the consumption of dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) per unit algal cell also increased by 6.36 mg-DTN/mg-Chl.a and 0.15 mg-SRP/mg-Chl.a. The specific growth rate of Pseudanabaena sp. increased from 0.12 d-1 to 0.60 d-1, the Fv/Fm reached a minimum of 0.12 at 15 ℃, and the consumption of nitrogen and phosphorus per unit of algal cell increased by 21.72 mg-DTN/mg-Chl.a and 1.71 mg-SRP/mg-Chl.a. The specific growth rate of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae increased from 0.20 d-1 to 0.44 d-1, the Fv/Fm was less affected, and the nitrogen and phosphorus consumption per unit algal cell increased by 12.29 mg-DTN/mg-Chl.a and 0.83 mg-SRP/mg-Chl.a. Then, the increased temperature will promote the growth of three filamentous algae. The Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is easy to form an advantage when the temperature higher than 30 ℃. The Pseudanabaena sp. has a wide range of temperature adaptation, but when the temperature is belower than 15 ℃, its growth will be inhibited. The optimal temperature of the Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is 25 ℃, and it can also achieve advantages at a lower temperature of 15 ℃, and has strong low temperature resistance. In addition, filamentous algae can maintain the growth advantages at different temperatures by balancing the physiological characteristics of algal cells. This study will be helpful to inhibit the growth of typical filamentous algae (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Pseudanabaena sp., Aphanizomenon flos-aquae) and produce water bloom by means of temperature regulation.