Local buckling is referred to the failure of a structural steel member and characterized by lower compressive stress than the corresponding stress that steel material can withstand. This paper highlights the effects of local buckling on the structural behavior of steel column subjected to elevated temperature. The aim of this paper is to develop a design method for the local buckling of high-strength (HSS) Q690 steel column at elevated temperature. Therefore, the local buckling of HSS Q690 steel columns is numerically investigated by the means of FE modeling using ABAQUS software. The developed FE models are validated against the experimental results of local buckling for HSS Q690 steel column under axial compression, which previously conducted by other researchers. Subsequently, a parametric study carried out to evaluate the influence of several parameters that affect the design of local buckling such as, the width-to-thickness ratio, temperature, initial imperfection, residual stress and interaction between the flange and web of the H-shaped cross-section. The results of study showed that local buckling is significantly affected by the width-to-thickness ratio in which increasing the width-to-thickness led to a reduction in the ultimate bearing capacity of the specimens. It also indicated that both initial imperfection and residual stress have a significant effect on local buckling stress. Furthermore, it was observed that the overall capacity of the specimens deteriorates significantly at elevated temperature as the temperature increases. Based on the results, simplified design method and new width-to-thickness ratio limits are proposed for the HSS Q690 steel compression members with H-section. The results data were also compared with the design rules provided by GB 50017-2017, Eurocode 3, and ANSI /AISC 360-10.