The resilient modulus of subgrade soil is an important parameter in the design of asphalt pavement structure. Accurate acquisition of the resilient modulus of subgrade soil is always one of the important research subjects in the field of road at home and abroad. In this paper, based on the investigation of the relevant results of resilient modulus testing methods for subgrade soil at home and abroad, a resilient modulus testing method for subgrade soil considering the influence of the loading and unloading duration was established through finite element numerical calculation and exploratory tests. Two kinds of typical subgrade soils were selected to carry out resilient modulus tests considering the loading and unloading duration. The experimental results show that the resilient modulus of the two kinds of soil increases with the increase of confining pressure, and decreases with the increase of cyclic deviatoric stress and loading duration. With the increase of loading duration, the resilient modulus of subgrade soil decreases by 34.6%, and the influence of loading time cannot be ignored. Under different loading duration, the influence law of resilient modulus of subgrade soil with confining pressure and cyclic deviatoric stress is basically the same.