Compared with the medium-field and far-field earthquake, the near-field earthquake contained high-energy velocity pulse, which would stimulate the significant displacement response of the structure. To study the influence of the velocity pulse on Train-Bridge System (TBS) of high-speed railway Simply Supported Beam Bridge (SSBB), the trigonometric function method was used to simulate the velocity pulse and superimpose with the far-field earthquake without pulse to synthesize the pulse type near-site earthquake with different pulse types, pulse periods and pulse amplitude. Taking a typical high-speed railway SSBB with a span of 32m as an example, the simulation calculation was carried out by using the self-designed program of TTBSAS. The near-field seismic velocity pulse can significantly increase the dynamic response of the TBS of the high-speed railway SSBB, and the influence of the velocity pulse cannot be ignored in the analysis of TBS coupling vibration in the near field. The influence of pulse type, pulse period and pulse amplitude on the displacement of SSBB is much greater than that of bridge acceleration and train safety index, and the influence of train on bridge cannot be considered in the selection of pulse parameters. The dynamic response amplitude of the bridge under the near-field earthquake action of double half-wave pulse and three-half-wave pulse is obviously larger than that of single half-wave pulse, and the dynamic response of TBS is the largest when the pulse period is 2.0 s. The research results can provide theoretical support for the design of high-speed railway bridges in the near field.