In recent years, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has swept the world and bringing heavy losses to the lives and property of people. Infectious disease hospital is the principal place to receive patients after the outbreak. However, the current hospital bed reserve of infectious disease hospitals is far from enough, and it is urgent to build or transform the existing infection disease hospital. Compared with conventional buildings, infectious disease hospitals need to control the surrounding wind environment and pollutant concentration strictly, but the current research is highly scarce. This paper takes the infectious disease hospital in Changsha as the case study. A large-scale wind tunnel is employed to analyze the surrounding wind environment and pollutant concentration diffusion. Meanwhile, the influence of architectural layout and vegetation are obtained in the process. The results show that the wind profile influenced by the thermal effect is mainly concentrated in the vertical component and has little influence on the overall wind field of the pedestrian level. However, the thermal effect will increase the maximum value of flow field distribution. The absolute value of pollutant concentration is mainly affected by the wind speed. At high wind speeds, the pollutant concentration is positively proportional to the local thermal effect, while at low wind speeds, the pollutant concentration increases first and then decreases with the local thermal effect and reaches the maximum value when Rb =0.82. Changing the architectural layout is an effective way to improve the wind environment and pollutant dispersion. When the building form is consistent with the dominant wind direction, it is conducive to disseminating pollutants. The vegetation in the building reverse flow area can promote the diffusion of pollutants, while the greenery in the ventilation corridor will inhibit the spread of contaminants.